Kandziora F, Schnake K, Hoffmann R
Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Frankfurt am Main.
Unfallchirurg. 2010 Dec;113(12):1023-39; quiz 1040. doi: 10.1007/s00113-010-1896-3.
This article for continuing education describes osseous injuries of the upper cervical spine and their treatment. Fractures of the occipital condyles are very rare and mostly result from high-speed traumas. These are usually managed conservatively. Atlas fractures can also usually be treated with immobilization of the cervical spine; in cases of unstable or dislocated injuries, various surgical procedures are employed. Three types of axis fractures can be distinguished: odontoid fractures, traumatic spondylolistheses, which also affect the isthmic region, and atypical fractures in the corpus region. The incidence, classification, diagnostic workup, standard treatment, and characteristics of the fractures mentioned are presented in detail.
这篇继续教育文章描述了上颈椎的骨损伤及其治疗方法。枕髁骨折非常罕见，大多由高速创伤导致。这些骨折通常采用保守治疗。寰椎骨折通常也可通过颈椎固定进行治疗；对于不稳定或脱位损伤的病例，则采用各种外科手术。枢椎骨折可分为三种类型：齿突骨折、也累及峡部区域的创伤性椎体滑脱以及椎体区域的非典型骨折。文中详细介绍了上述骨折的发病率、分类、诊断检查、标准治疗方法及特点。
