Nguyen Sang Ngoc, Nguyen Thuy Ngoc Thi, Vu Lam Tung, Nguyen Thap Duc
Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam.
Int J Pediatr. 2021 Nov 15;2021:9704666. doi: 10.1155/2021/9704666. eCollection 2021.
Bronchiolitis is the most prevalent cause of hospitalization in infants under the age of 12 months. The disease is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory failure. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the risk factors of severe bronchiolitis to diagnose and treat promptly. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of acute bronchiolitis caused by RSV and assessing the related factors to severe acute bronchiolitis in studied patients.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Haiphong Children's Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam, for one year, from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. All bronchiolitis admissions < 2 years were included.
377 children were evaluated, including 261 boys and 116 girls; children under 6 months accounted for the highest proportion (57%), and 47 (12.5%) of all patients had severe disease. Wheezing was the main reason to be taken to the hospital 261 (69.2%). Clinical symptoms of acute bronchiolitis such as cough, tachypnea, and runny nose were found in all patients. Bronchiolitis cases increased in the winter-spring season, and the highest registered number of patients was 42 in March. Image of bronchiolitis on chest X-ray was found in all patients, and air trapping lung was found in 124 (32.9%) patients. The risk factors included age (≤6 months), low birth weight, preterm birth, nonbreastfeeding for the first six months, early weaning, and exposition to cigarette smoke increased the severe disease ( < 0.05).
The number of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis caused by RSV has an upward trend during the winter-spring season (from October to March). This study confirms that age, preterm birth, breastfeeding under 6 months, history of exposure to cigarette smoking, low birth weight, having sibling(s) under five years old going to kindergarten, history of undergoing cesarean section, history of mechanical ventilation, poor living condition, and maternal education are 10 risk factors of severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV.
细支气管炎是12个月以下婴儿住院治疗的最常见原因。该疾病由呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染引起，可导致呼吸困难和呼吸衰竭。因此，有必要发现重症细支气管炎的危险因素以便及时诊断和治疗。本研究旨在描述由RSV引起的急性细支气管炎的流行病学特征和临床特征，并评估所研究患者中重症急性细支气管炎的相关因素。
于2016年10月1日至2017年9月30日在越南海防市儿童医院进行了为期一年的描述性横断面研究。纳入所有2岁以下的细支气管炎住院患者。
共评估了377名儿童，其中男孩261名，女孩116名；6个月以下儿童占比最高（57%），所有患者中有47名（12.5%）患有重症疾病。喘息是261名（69.2%）患儿住院的主要原因。所有患者均出现急性细支气管炎的临床症状，如咳嗽、呼吸急促和流鼻涕。细支气管炎病例在冬春季节增加，3月份登记的患者数量最多，为42例。所有患者胸部X线均显示细支气管炎影像，124名（32.9%）患者存在肺过度充气。危险因素包括年龄（≤6个月）、低出生体重、早产、前六个月非母乳喂养、过早断奶以及接触香烟烟雾会增加重症疾病的发生（<0.05）。
冬春季节（10月至3月），因RSV引起的细支气管炎住院婴儿数量呈上升趋势。本研究证实年龄、早产、6个月以下母乳喂养情况、接触吸烟史、低出生体重、有5岁以下上幼儿园的兄弟姐妹、剖宫产史、机械通气史、生活条件差以及母亲教育程度是RSV引起重症细支气管炎的10个危险因素。
