Griffin M J
Human Factors Research Unit, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2004 May;61(5):387-97. doi: 10.1136/oem.2002.006304.
In 2002, the Parliament and Commission of the European Community agreed "minimum health and safety requirements" for the exposure of workers to the risks arising from vibration. The Directive defines qualitative requirements and also quantitative requirements in the form of "exposure action values" and "exposure limit values". The quantitative guidance is based on, but appears to conflict with, the guidance in International Standards for hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349) and whole-body vibration (ISO 2631). There is a large internal inconsistency within the Directive for short duration exposures to whole-body vibration: the two alternative methods give very different values. It would appear prudent to base actions on the qualitative guidance (i.e. reducing risk to a minimum) and only refer to the quantitative guidance where there is no other reasonable basis for the identification of risk (i.e. similar exposures are not a suspected cause of injury). Health surveillance and other precautions will be appropriate wherever there is reason to suspect a risk and will not be restricted to conditions where the exposure action value is exceeded.
2002年,欧洲共同体议会和委员会就工人接触振动风险的“最低健康与安全要求”达成一致。该指令定义了定性要求,还以“接触行动值”和“接触限值”的形式规定了定量要求。这些定量指南以国际手传振动标准(ISO 5349)和全身振动标准(ISO 2631)中的指南为基础,但似乎与之存在冲突。对于短时间全身振动暴露,该指令内部存在很大的不一致性:两种替代方法给出的值差异很大。基于定性指南采取行动(即将风险降至最低)似乎更为谨慎,只有在没有其他合理依据确定风险时(即类似暴露不是疑似伤害原因)才参考定量指南。只要有理由怀疑存在风险,健康监测和其他预防措施就是适当的,并且不限于超过接触行动值的情况。