Funakoshi Mitsuhiko, Taoda Kazushi, Tsujimura Hiroji, Nishiyama Katsuo
Kyushu Institute for Social Medicine, Chiyo, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2004 Mar;46(2):119-24. doi: 10.1539/joh.46.119.
In a previous epidemiological study we reported that the prevalence (45.8%) of low-back pain (LBP) and the two-year incidence (25.9%) of LBP in 284 male taxi drivers in Japan was comparable with rates reported for other occupational drivers in which LBP frequently occurs. LBP was significantly related with the level of uncomfortable road vibrations, and, importantly, increased with total mileage. The aim of this study was to measure whole-body vibration (WBV) on the driver's seat pan of 12 taxis operating under actual working conditions. The results were evaluated according to the health guidelines in International Standard ISO 2631-1:1997. Finally, the relation between total mileage and WBV was investigated. The majority of the frequency-weighted r.m.s. accelerations of the taxis fell into the "potential health risks" zone, under ISO 2631-1:1997. It was clear that the taxi drivers were exposed to serious WBV magnitudes. Therefore, occupational health and safety management should be carried out to help prevent adverse health effects in taxi drivers. In particular, reduction of WBV in taxis and shortening of driving time to reduce duration of WBV exposure should be considered. Moreover, because many taxi drivers work 18 h every other day, the shortening of working hours and taking of rest breaks while working should be considered. Frequency-weighted r.m.s. accelerations of taxis had a tendency to decrease as total mileage increased. The relation between total mileage and WBV should be investigated by taking measurements on the floor and the back rest in addition to the seat pan.
在之前的一项流行病学研究中，我们报告称，日本284名男性出租车司机的腰痛患病率（45.8%）和两年腰痛发病率（25.9%）与其他经常发生腰痛的职业司机的报告患病率相当。腰痛与道路振动不适程度显著相关，重要的是，腰痛随总行驶里程增加而增加。本研究的目的是测量12辆在实际工作条件下运营的出租车驾驶座上的全身振动（WBV）。根据国际标准ISO 2631-1:1997中的健康指南对结果进行评估。最后，研究了总行驶里程与WBV之间的关系。根据ISO 2631-1:1997标准，大多数出租车的频率加权均方根加速度落在“潜在健康风险”区域。很明显，出租车司机暴露于严重的WBV强度之下。因此，应开展职业健康与安全管理，以帮助预防出租车司机的不良健康影响。特别是，应考虑减少出租车中的WBV，并缩短驾驶时间以减少WBV暴露时长。此外，由于许多出租车司机每隔一天工作18小时，应考虑缩短工作时间并在工作时进行休息。出租车的频率加权均方根加速度有随总行驶里程增加而降低的趋势。除了驾驶座之外，还应通过测量地板和靠背来研究总行驶里程与WBV之间的关系。
