Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Occup Med (Lond). 2012 Oct;62(7):519-24. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqs096. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
Back injuries are common in transit drivers, and can result in substantial direct and indirect cost to the employer and employee. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is one risk factor for drivers. Standards have been adopted (ISO 2631-1) to guide researchers in measuring and analysing WBV levels. Lately, a new standard has been added (ISO 2631-5) that takes impulsive exposures into account.
The aims of this study were to determine the levels of vibration for bus drivers using both ISO 2631-1 and 2631-5 standards, and whether there are differences in vibration levels and seat transmissibility between different road types.
Thirteen bus drivers drove a 7-year-old bus, instrumented to measure WBV in the seat and floor. The 52 km long test route included freeway, city streets and speed humps. Additionally, for comparison, a subset of five drivers also drove a car over the same route.
Road type had a significant effect on all the vibration parameters. Based on exposure limit values in the standards, the continuous z-A (w)(8) exposures exceeded the limit value on freeways, and the impulsive z-VDV(8) and S (ed) exposures were above limit values in city streets and speed humps. Bus WBV exposures were about twice as high relative to the car and the bus seat amplified rather than attenuated WBV exposures.
Bus drivers are potentially being exposed to daily vibration levels higher than recommended especially on certain road types. The current seat in this study does not attenuate the vibration.
在运输司机中，背部受伤很常见，这会给雇主和员工带来巨大的直接和间接成本。全身振动（WBV）是司机面临的一个风险因素。已经采用了一些标准（ISO 2631-1）来指导研究人员测量和分析 WBV 水平。最近，又增加了一个新标准（ISO 2631-5），该标准考虑了脉冲暴露。
本研究的目的是使用 ISO 2631-1 和 2631-5 标准来确定公交车司机的振动水平，以及不同道路类型之间振动水平和座椅传递率是否存在差异。
13 名公交车司机驾驶一辆装有测量座椅和地板 WBV 的仪器的 7 岁公交车。52 公里长的测试路线包括高速公路、城市街道和减速带。此外，为了进行比较，有 5 名司机的子集也驾驶同一辆车经过相同的路线。
道路类型对所有振动参数都有显著影响。根据标准中的暴露限值，连续 z-A（w）（8）暴露值在高速公路上超过了限值，脉冲 z-VDV（8）和 S（ed）暴露值在城市街道和减速带都超过了限值。与汽车相比，公交车的 WBV 暴露量约高两倍，而且公交车座椅放大了而不是衰减了 WBV 暴露量。
公交车司机可能每天都会暴露在高于推荐水平的振动中，尤其是在某些道路类型上。本研究中的当前座椅不能衰减振动。
