Varray A, Préfaut C
Laboratoire Sport, Santé et Développement, U.F.R. S.T.A.P.S. Montpellier.
Rev Mal Respir. 1992;9(4):355-66.
Despite current discussions promoting physical and sports activities in asthmatics, no studies have yet been done on the possible pathophysiological justifications for rehabilitation by sports programs. Consequently asthmatics are retrained in an empirical fashion and the assessment of these programs is subjective. The aim of this article is thus to review the different studies concerning the adjustment of asthmatics to muscular exercise and to deduce from these what could or should be the pathophysiological objectives of reconditioning protocols. The principal ideas which emerge from this study derive from three fundamental facts: 1) the training of asthmatics should be based on an individual approach since clinical severity leads to very unequal adaptations during muscular exercise; 2) it is advisable to strive against the declining physical fitness of the asthmatics, which is responsible for the accelerated functional deterioration, disturbances of psychomotor development and an increased risk of exercise-induce asthma; 3) the decrease of excessive exercise hyperventilation is, from the evidence, the greatest priority among the pathophysiological objectives, because hyperventilation is a principal cause implicated in the disturbance of cardiovascular adjustments to effort by heart-lung interaction.
尽管目前有关于促进哮喘患者进行体育活动的讨论，但尚未有研究探讨体育项目康复可能的病理生理学依据。因此，哮喘患者的再训练是凭经验进行的，对这些项目的评估也是主观的。本文的目的是回顾关于哮喘患者适应肌肉运动的不同研究，并据此推断康复方案的病理生理学目标可能或应该是什么。本研究得出的主要观点源于三个基本事实：1）哮喘患者的训练应基于个体化方法，因为临床严重程度导致肌肉运动期间的适应情况非常不均衡；2）建议努力改善哮喘患者下降的体能，体能下降会导致功能加速恶化、心理运动发育障碍以及运动诱发哮喘的风险增加；3）从现有证据来看，减少过度运动性通气是病理生理学目标中最优先考虑的，因为通气过度是心肺相互作用导致心血管对运动调节紊乱的主要原因。
