普通燕鸥（Sterna hirundo）孵化失败与环境化学物质的关系

Hatching failure in common terns (Sterna hirundo) in relation to environmental chemicals.

作者信息

Becker P H, Schuhmann S, Koepff C

机构信息

Institut für Vogelforschung, An der Vogelwarte 21, D-2940 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 1993;79(3):207-13. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90091-2.

DOI:10.1016/0269-7491(93)90091-2

PMID:15091880

Abstract

The hatching success of two Common Tern colonies, a highly contaminated one at the Elbe estuary (Hullen) and a less contaminated one at the Jade (Augustgroden, southern North Sea coast, Germany), was similar in 1988; 69% at Hullen and 73% at Augustgroden. Most egg loss was due to predators. The number of eggs failing to hatch from unknown causes was 6.3% higher at Hullen than at Augustgroden. Egg-shell thickness and strength were not correlated with the chemicals' concentrations. At Hullen unhatched eggs were compared with randomly collected fresh eggs; the former containing a significantly higher amount (20%) of PCBs (134 microg) than the eggs collected at random (112 microg). Seven out of 45 PCB-congeners were found in significantly higher amounts in the failed eggs, among them the toxic congener PCB 138. The two samples showed no difference in mercury concentration, which was 6.2 mg kg(-1), nor difference in shell strength. Eggs of Common Terns breeding at the Elbe estuary had concentrations of some contaminants reaching levels endangering breeding success.

摘要

1988年，两个普通燕鸥繁殖地的孵化成功率相似，一个位于易北河河口（胡伦），污染程度很高，另一个位于亚德（奥古斯特格罗登，德国北海沿岸南部），污染程度较低；胡伦的孵化成功率为69%，奥古斯特格罗登为73%。大多数卵的损失是由捕食者造成的。因不明原因未能孵化的卵的数量，胡伦比奥古斯特格罗登高6.3%。蛋壳厚度和强度与化学物质浓度无关。在胡伦，将未孵化的卵与随机收集的新鲜卵进行比较；前者含有的多氯联苯（PCBs）量（20%）明显高于随机收集的卵（112微克），多氯联苯总量为134微克。在45种多氯联苯同系物中，有7种在未孵化的卵中的含量明显更高，其中包括有毒同系物多氯联苯138。两个样本的汞浓度没有差异，均为6.2毫克/千克（-1），蛋壳强度也没有差异。在易北河河口繁殖的普通燕鸥的卵中，一些污染物的浓度达到了危及繁殖成功的水平。