Viskari E L, Surakka J, Pasanen P, Mirme A, Kössi S, Ruuskanen J, Holopainen J K
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Environ Pollut. 2000 Jan;107(1):89-98. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00128-1.
The effects of motor vehicle exhaust gas on Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and plant-insect interaction of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pilicornis Hartig) was studied. The exhaust gas concentrations in the fumigation chambers were monitored and controlled by measuring the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) with a computer aided feedback system. The concentrations of major exhaust gas components (black carbon [BC], fine particles, VOCs and carbonyl compounds) in the chamber air were also measured. Responses of Norway spruce seedlings to a 2 and 3-week exhaust gas exposure and subsequent performance of spruce shoot aphid were studied using realistic exposure regimes; 50, 100 and 200 ppb NO(x). The feedback control system based on NO(x) concentrations proved an adequate and practical means for controlling the concentration of exhaust gases and studying plant responses in controlled environment chambers. The exhaust exposure resulted in increased concentrations of proline, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glycine and phenylalanine and decreased concentration of arginine, serine, alanine and glycine in young needles. No changes in soluble N concentrations were observed. The results are interpreted as a stress response rather than use of NO(x) as a nitrogen source. No changes in total phenolics and only transient changes in some individual terpene concentrations were detected. The exhaust gas exposure stressed the exposed seedlings, but had no significant effect on N metabolism or the production of defence chemicals. Aphid performance was not significantly affected. Soluble N, secondary metabolism and aphid performance were not sensitive to exhaust gas exposure during shoot elongation in Norway spruce.
研究了机动车尾气对挪威云杉幼苗（欧洲云杉（Picea abies (L.) Karst））以及云杉梢蚜（Cinara pilicornis Hartig）与植物相互作用的影响。通过计算机辅助反馈系统测量氮氧化物（NO(x)）浓度，对熏蒸室内的尾气浓度进行监测和控制。同时还测量了室内空气中主要尾气成分（黑碳[BC]、细颗粒物、挥发性有机化合物和羰基化合物）的浓度。采用实际暴露方案，研究了挪威云杉幼苗在2周和3周尾气暴露后的反应以及随后云杉梢蚜的表现；尾气浓度分别为50、100和200 ppb NO(x)。基于NO(x)浓度的反馈控制系统被证明是在可控环境舱中控制尾气浓度和研究植物反应的一种充分且实用的方法。尾气暴露导致幼叶中脯氨酸、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和苯丙氨酸浓度增加，精氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸浓度降低。可溶性氮浓度未观察到变化。这些结果被解释为一种应激反应，而非将NO(x)用作氮源。未检测到总酚类物质的变化，仅部分个别萜类化合物浓度有短暂变化。尾气暴露使受试幼苗受到胁迫，但对氮代谢或防御化学物质的产生没有显著影响。蚜虫的表现也未受到显著影响。在挪威云杉新梢伸长期间，可溶性氮、次生代谢和蚜虫表现对尾气暴露不敏感。
