Expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides after acute TCDD treatment and distribution of Ah receptor repressor.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant originating from industrial waste. At sublethal concentrations it induces anorexia and weight loss as part of the so-called wasting syndrome. To gain insight into its possible underlying mechanisms, mRNA expression of some key hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the regulation of body weight was studied using in situ hybridization histochemistry in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats 6 days after single oral administration of TCDD (15 microg/kg) and in age-paired control rats. In TCDD-treated rats which displayed a decrease in body weight gain vs. controls, arcuate nucleus expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) mRNA was increased. In the lateral hypothalamic area, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) mRNA expression was also increased, while levels of CART and orexin/hypocretin mRNA were not significantly changed. Since TCDD is known to bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the distribution of the AhR repressor (AhRR), which is co-expressed with AhR in the same cells, was studied by immunohistochemistry in the mouse hypothalamus using mouse AhRR specific antiserum. AhRR immunoreactivity was present in the nuclei of neurons found in all main hypothalamic groups including NPY, CART, MCH and orexin/hypocretin neurons. Xenobiotic response elements were found in these neuropeptide genes with the exception of MCH. Thus changes in expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides after TCDD treatment may help to explain the occurrence of the TCDD-induced weight loss, which may be either directly or indirectly related to the effects of TCDD on neuropeptide expression.