Estañol Bruno, Corona Marco Vinicio, Elías Yolanda, Téllez-Zenteno José Francisco, Infante Oscar, García-Ramos Guillermo
Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México City, México.
Clin Auton Res. 2004 Apr;14(2):107-12. doi: 10.1007/s10286-004-0170-6.
Skin blood vessels and sweat glands are both innervated by sympathetic C fibers. We investigated whether during diverse respiratory maneuvers the vasomotor responses (VRs) and the sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) were frequently or occasionally co-activated. We simultaneously recorded the amplitude of the vasomotor responses and the sympathetic skin responses, the ECG and the respiratory movements in 30 healthy subjects during natural breathing at rest, rhythmic respirations at 6 per minute, sudden deep inspiration and Valsalva maneuver. We found: 1) The SSR habituates with all respiratory maneuvers whereas the VRs do not habituate. 2) There was slight co-activation between the SSRs and VRs during natural default breathing (56 percent). 3) During rhythmic breathing at 6 per minute the VRs and the SSRs were frequently co-activated (97 percent). The SSR appeared at the end of the inspiration coinciding with the end of the decreased blood flow. However the SSR habituated after few rhythmic respirations. 4) During sudden deep inspiration one hundred percent of co-activations were between the initial phase of the VRs and the SSR. The SSR is large in amplitude and longer in duration than during rhythmic breathing. 5) During the Valsalva maneuver there was a strong co-activation (100 percent) particularly during the phases II and III that are characterized by vaso-constriction but also during phase IV. The SSR is the longest of duration in all of the maneuvers. The sympathetic innervation to the sweat glands of the palm of the hand and to the skin blood vessels of the fingertips is differentiated. Under normothermic conditions sudden deep inspiration and Valsalva maneuver induced a large sympathetic simultaneous outflow to the skin blood vessels and sweat glands. The simultaneous recording of skin blood flow and the SSRs provides a more complete assessment of the sympathetic outflow to the skin than either one alone.
皮肤血管和汗腺均由交感神经C纤维支配。我们研究了在各种呼吸动作过程中，血管运动反应（VRs）和交感皮肤反应（SSRs）是经常还是偶尔共同激活。我们同时记录了30名健康受试者在静息自然呼吸、每分钟6次的节律性呼吸、突然深吸气和瓦尔萨尔瓦动作期间的血管运动反应幅度、交感皮肤反应、心电图和呼吸运动。我们发现：1）所有呼吸动作中SSRs都会出现习惯化，而VRs不会。2）在自然静息呼吸期间，SSRs和VRs之间存在轻微的共同激活（56%）。3）在每分钟6次的节律性呼吸期间，VRs和SSRs经常共同激活（97%）。SSRs出现在吸气末期，与血流减少结束同步。然而，几次节律性呼吸后SSRs出现习惯化。4）在突然深吸气期间，100%的共同激活发生在VRs的初始阶段和SSRs之间。与节律性呼吸相比，SSRs的幅度更大，持续时间更长。5）在瓦尔萨尔瓦动作期间，存在强烈的共同激活（100%），特别是在以血管收缩为特征的II期和III期，以及IV期。在所有动作中，SSRs的持续时间最长。手掌汗腺和指尖皮肤血管的交感神经支配是有区别的。在正常体温条件下，突然深吸气和瓦尔萨尔瓦动作会引起大量交感神经同时向皮肤血管和汗腺流出。与单独记录皮肤血流或SSRs相比，同时记录皮肤血流和SSRs能更全面地评估交感神经向皮肤的流出情况。
