von der Maase H, Osterlind A, Drzewiecki K T, Dahlstrøm K K, Geertsen P F, Gjedde S B, Hastrup N C, Holmberg S B, Krag C, Lock-Andersen J
Onkologisk afdeling, Københavns Amts Sygehus i Herlev.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1992 Jul 6;154(28):1949-53.
About 700 new cases of malignant melanoma of the skin are registered annually in Denmark. The incidence is increasing rapidly and the number of new cases increases by more than 5% per annum. The most important phenotypical risk factors are the number of acquired pigmented naevi and exposure to sunlight is the most important risk factor in the external environment so that severe sunburn in children and intermittent intense exposure to sunlight increase the risk of melanoma. The thickness of the tumour at the time of the diagnosis is the most important prognostic factor. The prognosis deteriorates with increasing thickness. Treatment is primarily surgical. In cases of inoperable local melanoma and regional recurrences, irradiation may be administered. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are of experimental character. In the light of the rapidly increasing incidence, it is important that knowledge of risk factors for development of the disease and the clinical characteristics of early melanoma is spread to not only the medical profession but also to the general public.
丹麦每年登记约700例新发皮肤恶性黑色素瘤病例。发病率正在迅速上升,新发病例数每年增加超过5%。最重要的表型危险因素是后天性色素痣的数量,而阳光照射是外部环境中最重要的危险因素,因此儿童严重晒伤和间歇性强烈阳光照射会增加患黑色素瘤的风险。诊断时肿瘤的厚度是最重要的预后因素。预后随着厚度增加而恶化。治疗主要是手术治疗。对于无法手术的局部黑色素瘤和区域复发病例,可进行放疗。化疗和/或免疫疗法具有实验性质。鉴于发病率迅速上升,重要的是不仅要向医学界,而且要向公众传播该疾病发病危险因素及早期黑色素瘤临床特征的知识。