Romagnoli Micaela, Fabbri Leonardo M
Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2003;39(4):461-6.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases, particularly tobacco smoke. Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is primarily based on a reduction of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio < 70% post-bronchodilators. The characteristic symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are cough, sputum, and dyspnea upon exertion. Based on airflow limitation as measured by spirometry, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be classified as mild, moderate, severe and very severe. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma, although the inflammation characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is distinct from that of asthma.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的特征是气流受限，且这种受限不完全可逆，通常呈进行性发展，并与肺部对有害颗粒或气体（尤其是烟草烟雾）的异常炎症反应相关。慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊断主要基于支气管扩张剂使用后一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量比值降低至<70%。慢性阻塞性肺疾病的典型症状为咳嗽、咳痰和劳力性呼吸困难。根据通过肺量计测量的气流受限情况，慢性阻塞性肺疾病可分为轻度、中度、重度和极重度。慢性阻塞性肺疾病可与哮喘并存，尽管慢性阻塞性肺疾病的炎症特征与哮喘不同。
