Medved Maria I, Cupchik Gerald C, Oatley Keith
Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Memory. 2004 Jan;12(1):119-28. doi: 10.1080/09658210244000441.
It is well known that memories of self-relevant experiences are reconstructed over time. Artworks often require an elongated period of interpretative meaning-making. Such works were therefore used to study temporal aspects of memory construction. In a longitudinal study, individuals' memories of artworks were examined to explore the idea that only with the passage of time would autobiographical memory and emotion be associated with thematic integration of the artwork memory. We also expected that integrated artwork memories would be more differentiated (in terms of number of details) than memories that were not integrated. Memories of artworks were collected from visitors to an art gallery in person as they left the gallery, and 5 months later in a phone interview. Participants were also asked, at both interviews, whether the memory recollection was associated with an autobiographical memory and with an emotion. Associations among the elements of autobiographical memory, emotion, differentiation, and integrated artwork memories were significant only at the time of the longer-term recollection. The data suggest that, during an incubation period, these elements moved from a state of disconnection to interconnection.
众所周知，与自我相关经历的记忆会随着时间的推移而重构。艺术作品往往需要一段较长的时间来进行解释性的意义建构。因此，此类作品被用于研究记忆构建的时间维度。在一项纵向研究中，对个体对艺术作品的记忆进行了考察，以探究这样一种观点，即只有随着时间的推移，自传体记忆和情感才会与艺术作品记忆的主题整合相关联。我们还预期，整合后的艺术作品记忆在细节数量方面会比未整合的记忆更加丰富。艺术作品的记忆是在参观者离开艺术画廊时亲自收集的，以及在5个月后的电话访谈中收集的。在两次访谈中，参与者还被问及记忆回忆是否与自传体记忆和情感相关。自传体记忆、情感、丰富程度和整合后的艺术作品记忆这些要素之间的关联仅在长期回忆时才显著。数据表明，在一段酝酿期内，这些要素从分离状态转变为相互关联的状态。
