Mottron Laurent
Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin and Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2004 Feb;34(1):19-27. doi: 10.1023/b:jadd.0000018070.88380.83.
A meta-analysis was performed on the 133 cognitive and behavioral papers in autism using comparison groups in the 1999-2002 period. High-functioning (average IQ: 84.7), adolescents (average, 14.4 years) are largely dominant. IQ is the most frequent matching variable in use (51.2%). The instruments that are most frequently used to determine IQ or general level are Wechsler scales (46.9%), British Picture Vocabulary Scale (BPVS; 22.3%), and Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM; 16.9%). In order to determine if these instruments were equivalent when applied to individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), Wechsler IQ, EVIP (a French Canadian translation of the BPVS), and RPM were given to a group of 14 individuals with autism and 12 with Asperger syndrome. Comparison of Wechsler and RPM IQs values, expressed as percentiles, to percentile values of EVIP score revealed that EVIP (and to a lesser extent RPM) considerably overestimates the level of all PDD participants as compared to Wechsler Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), or Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), whereas these instruments are reported to be strongly correlated in typically developing individuals. This study reveals that identification of objects from a verbal label--the BPVS-PPVT-EVIP task--is a peak of ability in high functioning individuals with PDDs. This peak of ability, even superior to that of block design, has a detrimental effect on matching based on this instrument. A recommendation to replace BPVS/PPVT/EVIP or RPM by Wechsler scale as a basis of IQ/level matching is provided. Accordingly, the former instruments are a potential source of type-1 (for cognitive deficits) or type-2 (for cognitive hyperfunctioning) errors.
在1999 - 2002年期间，对133篇使用对照组的自闭症认知与行为学论文进行了荟萃分析。高功能（平均智商：84.7）青少年（平均年龄14.4岁）占主导地位。智商是最常使用的匹配变量（51.2%）。最常用于确定智商或一般水平的工具是韦氏智力量表（46.9%）、英国图片词汇量表（BPVS；22.3%）和瑞文渐进矩阵测验（RPM；16.9%）。为了确定这些工具应用于广泛性发育障碍（PDD）个体时是否等效，对一组14名自闭症患者和12名阿斯伯格综合征患者进行了韦氏智商、EVIP（BPVS的法裔加拿大人翻译版）和RPM测试。将韦氏智商和RPM智商值（以百分位数表示）与EVIP分数的百分位数进行比较，结果显示，与韦氏言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）或全量表智商（FSIQ）相比，EVIP（以及程度较轻的RPM）显著高估了所有PDD参与者的水平，而据报道这些工具在正常发育个体中具有很强的相关性。这项研究表明，从语言标签识别物体——BPVS - PPVT - EVIP任务——是高功能PDD个体的能力高峰。这种能力高峰甚至优于积木设计，基于该工具进行匹配会产生不利影响。建议用韦氏智力量表取代BPVS/PPVT/EVIP或RPM作为智商/水平匹配的基础。因此，前几种工具是1型（认知缺陷）或型（认知功能亢进）错误的潜在来源。
