Attfield M D, Morring K
Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992 Aug;53(8):486-92. doi: 10.1080/15298669291360012.
The National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (NSCWP) is a large, continuing epidemiologic study of the respiratory health of U.S. coal miners. By using information from the study, prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) was related to indexes of dust exposure obtained from research and compliance sampling data. Clear relationships between prevalences of both simple CWP and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and estimated dust exposure were seen. Additional effects independently associated with coal rank (% carbon) and age were also seen. Logistic model fitting indicated that between 2% and 12% of miners exposed to a 2-mg/m3 dust environment in bituminous coal mines would be expected to have Category 2 or greater CWP after a 40-yr working life; PMF would be expected for between 1.3% and 6.7%. The risks for anthracite miners appeared to be greater. There was a suggestion of a background level of abnormality, not associated with dust exposure, but increasing with age. Although there are certain weaknesses in the data used to derive these exposure estimates, the results are in general agreement with, but somewhat greater than, some recent findings for British coal miners.
美国煤工尘肺国家研究（NSCWP）是一项针对美国煤矿工人呼吸健康状况的大型持续性流行病学研究。通过利用该研究中的信息，煤工尘肺（CWP）的患病率与从研究及合规采样数据中获取的粉尘接触指标相关。简单性CWP和进行性大块纤维化（PMF）的患病率与估计的粉尘接触之间存在明显的关系。还发现了与煤级（碳含量百分比）和年龄独立相关的其他影响。逻辑模型拟合表明，在烟煤矿井中暴露于2毫克/立方米粉尘环境的矿工中，预计有2%至12%的人在40年的工作寿命后会患上2级或更高级别的CWP；预计PMF的患病率为1.3%至6.7%。无烟煤矿工的风险似乎更大。有迹象表明存在一个与粉尘接触无关但随年龄增加的异常背景水平。尽管用于得出这些接触估计值的数据存在某些弱点，但结果总体上与英国煤矿工人的一些近期研究结果一致，但略高于这些结果。
