Schlimp C J, Breiteneder M, Lederer W
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004 May;48(5):595-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00370.x.
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) must combine easy operability and high-quality diagnosis even under unfavorable conditions. This study determined the influence of electromagnetic interference caused by high-voltage power lines with 16.7-Hz alternating current on the quality of AEDs' rhythm analysis.
Two AEDs frequently used in Austria were tested near high-voltage power lines (15 kV or 110 kV, alternating current with 16.7 Hz). The defibrillation electrodes were attached either to a proband with true sinus rhythm or to a resuscitation dummy with generated sinus rhythm, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia or asystole.
Electromagnetic interference was much more prominent in a human's than in a dummy's electrocardiogram and depended on the position of the electrodes and cables in relation to the power line. Near high-voltage power lines the AEDs showed a significant operational fault. One AED interpreted the interference as a motion artifact, even when underlying rhythms were clearly detectable. The other AED interpreted 16.7-Hz oscillation as ventricular fibrillation with consequent shock advice when no underlying rhythm was detected.
The tested AEDs neither filter nor recognize a technical interference of 16.7 Hz caused by 15-kV power lines above railway tracks or 110-kV overland power lines, as run by railway companies in Austria, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. These failures in AEDs' algorithms for rhythm analysis may cause substantial harm to patients undergoing public access defibrillation. The proper function of AEDs needs to be reconsidered to guarantee patients' safety near high-voltage power lines.
自动体外除颤器（AED）即使在不利条件下也必须兼具易于操作和高质量诊断的特性。本研究确定了由16.7赫兹交流电的高压输电线所引起的电磁干扰对AED心律分析质量的影响。
对奥地利常用的两款AED在高压输电线（15千伏或110千伏，16.7赫兹交流电）附近进行测试。除颤电极连接到具有真实窦性心律的受试者或具有模拟窦性心律、心室颤动、室性心动过速或心搏停止的复苏模拟人身上。
电磁干扰在人体心电图中比在模拟人心电图中更为显著，并且取决于电极和电缆相对于输电线的位置。在高压输电线附近，AED显示出明显的操作故障。一款AED将干扰解读为运动伪影，即使潜在节律清晰可检测时也是如此。另一款AED在未检测到潜在节律时，将16.7赫兹振荡解读为心室颤动并因此给出电击建议。
对于由奥地利、德国、挪威、瑞典和瑞士的铁路公司运营的铁轨上方15千伏输电线或110千伏陆上输电线所引起的16.7赫兹技术干扰，所测试的AED既不进行过滤也无法识别。AED心律分析算法中的这些故障可能会对接受公众可及除颤的患者造成重大伤害。需要重新考虑AED的正常功能，以确保患者在高压输电线附近的安全。
