Alanko Kristiina, Susitaival Päivikki, Jolanki Riitta, Kanerva Lasse
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis. 2004 Feb;50(2):77-82. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00304.x.
Out of 923 female dental nurses in the Helsinki district, 799 were interviewed using a computer-assisted telephone interview. A structured questionnaire was used to inquire about skin, respiratory symptoms, atopy, work history and methods, and exposure at work. The 328 nurses, who reported work-related dermatitis on their hands, forearms or face, were invited to an interview by an occupational physician; 245 nurses participated. 31 nurses had previously been diagnosed with an occupational skin disease (OSD). 133 nurses with a suspected OSD were selected for further clinical examinations with prick and patch testing. Among the 107 nurses examined, 22 new cases of OSD were diagnosed. There were altogether 29 cases of allergic contact dermatitis, 15 of contact urticaria, 12 of irritant contact dermatitis, and 1 case of onychomycosis. Rubber chemicals and natural rubber latex (NRL) in protective gloves, as well as dental-restorative plastic materials [(meth)acrylates], were the most common causes of allergy. 42% of the OSD cases in the studied population had been missing from the statistics (Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases). Plastic gloves or NRL gloves with a low-protein content are recommended for dental work. Skin exposure to (meth)acrylates should be avoided.
在赫尔辛基地区的923名女性牙科护士中，799名接受了计算机辅助电话访谈。使用结构化问卷询问皮肤、呼吸道症状、特应性、工作经历和方法以及工作中的暴露情况。328名报告手部、前臂或面部患有与工作相关皮炎的护士被职业医生邀请进行访谈；245名护士参加了访谈。31名护士此前被诊断患有职业性皮肤病（OSD）。133名疑似OSD的护士被选进行进一步的针刺和斑贴试验临床检查。在接受检查的107名护士中，诊断出22例新的OSD病例。共有29例过敏性接触性皮炎、15例接触性荨麻疹、12例刺激性接触性皮炎和1例甲癣。防护手套中的橡胶化学品和天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）以及牙科修复塑料材料[（甲基）丙烯酸酯]是最常见的过敏原因。研究人群中42%的OSD病例未被列入统计（芬兰职业病登记册）。建议牙科工作使用低蛋白含量的塑料手套或NRL手套。应避免皮肤接触（甲基）丙烯酸酯。
