Chandola Tarani, Martikainen Pekka, Bartley Mel, Lahelma Eero, Marmot Michael, Michikazu Sekine, Nasermoaddeli Ali, Kagamimori Sadanobu
International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Int J Epidemiol. 2004 Aug;33(4):884-93. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyh155. Epub 2004 May 27.
Although there have been a number of studies on the effects of multiple roles on health and how a combination of work and family roles may be either advantageous (role enhancement) or disadvantageous (role strain) for health, there has been relatively little investigation on the psychosocial content of such roles. Work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict could arise from inability to combine multiple roles and result in stress and ill health. The question of whether both types of conflict mediate between the association of multiple roles with health has not been analysed before. This paper sets out to investigate whether: (1) work-to-family conflict or family-to-work conflict contributes towards explaining the association of multiple roles with mental health; (2) the effect of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict on mental health varies by gender; (3) the effect of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict on mental health vary between countries with different welfare state arrangements and social norms.
Cross-sectional data of economically active male and female public sector employees aged 35-60 in London (UK), Helsinki (Finland), and the West Coast of Japan. Linear regression models (separate for each gender and cohort) of SF-36 mental component scores were analysed with role combinations, family-to-work and work-to-family conflict as explanatory variables.
Single fathers in all three cohorts and of single mothers in the Helsinki cohort had poor mental health, and this was partly explained by their higher levels family-to-work conflict. Both types of conflict affect the mental health of men and women independently of each other. Japanese women had the greatest conflict and poorest mental health while Helsinki women had the lowest conflict and best mental health.
Both work-to-family and family-to-work conflict affect the mental health of men and women in three different countries. Work and family roles and the balance between the two may be important for the mental health of men and women in industrialized societies. Any analysis of the effect of multiple roles on health needs to take into account the psychosocial content of such roles.
尽管已有多项研究探讨多重角色对健康的影响，以及工作与家庭角色的结合对健康可能是有利的（角色增强）还是不利的（角色压力），但对于这些角色的心理社会内容的研究相对较少。工作与家庭冲突以及家庭与工作冲突可能源于无法兼顾多重角色，并导致压力和健康问题。此前尚未分析这两种冲突是否在多重角色与健康的关联中起中介作用。本文旨在研究：（1）工作与家庭冲突或家庭与工作冲突是否有助于解释多重角色与心理健康的关联；（2）工作与家庭冲突和家庭与工作冲突对心理健康的影响是否因性别而异；（3）工作与家庭冲突和家庭与工作冲突对心理健康的影响在具有不同福利国家安排和社会规范的国家之间是否存在差异。
对英国伦敦、芬兰赫尔辛基和日本西海岸年龄在35 - 60岁的经济活跃的公共部门男女雇员进行横断面数据收集。以角色组合、家庭与工作冲突以及工作与家庭冲突作为解释变量，分析SF - 36心理成分得分的线性回归模型（按性别和队列分别进行）。
在所有三个队列中的单身父亲以及赫尔辛基队列中的单身母亲心理健康状况较差，这部分可归因于他们较高水平的家庭与工作冲突。两种类型的冲突相互独立地影响男性和女性的心理健康。日本女性的冲突最大，心理健康状况最差，而赫尔辛基女性的冲突最小，心理健康状况最佳。
工作与家庭冲突和家庭与工作冲突在三个不同国家均影响男性和女性的心理健康。工作和家庭角色以及两者之间的平衡可能对工业化社会中男性和女性的心理健康很重要。任何关于多重角色对健康影响的分析都需要考虑这些角色的心理社会内容。
