Crucitti Paolo, Latora Vito, Marchiori Massimo
Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via S. Paolo 73, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 Apr;69(4 Pt 2):045104. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.045104. Epub 2004 Apr 29.
Large but rare cascades triggered by small initial shocks are present in most of the infrastructure networks. Here we present a simple model for cascading failures based on the dynamical redistribution of the flow on the network. We show that the breakdown of a single node is sufficient to collapse the efficiency of the entire system if the node is among the ones with largest load. This is particularly important for real-world networks with a highly hetereogeneous distribution of loads as the Internet and electrical power grids.
大多数基础设施网络中都存在由微小初始冲击引发的大规模但罕见的级联故障。在此,我们基于网络上流量的动态重新分配,提出了一个用于级联故障的简单模型。我们表明,如果单个节点属于负载最大的节点之一,那么该节点的故障足以使整个系统的效率崩溃。对于诸如互联网和电网等负载分布高度不均匀的现实世界网络而言,这一点尤为重要。