Sakata Jon T, Crews David
Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004 Apr;28(2):95-112. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.001.
Early developmental variables engender behavioral and neural variation, especially in species in which embryonic environment determines gonadal sex. In the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, the incubation temperature of the egg (IncT) determines gonadal sex. Moreover, IncT affects the sexual differentiation of the individual and, consequently, within-sex variation. Individuals hatched from eggs incubated at an IncT that produces predominantly males are more masculinized than same-sex counterparts from IncTs that produce predominantly females. Here we review how gonadal sex and IncT interact to affect behavioral, endocrinological, and neural phenotype in the leopard gecko and influence phenotypic plasticity following hormone administration or social experience. We discuss the hormonal dependence of sex- and IncT-dependent behavioral and neural morphological and metabolic differences and highlight the parallels between IncT effects in geckos and intrauterine position effects in rodents. We argue that the leopard gecko is an important model of how the process of sex determination can affect sexual differentiation and of selection forces underlying the evolution of sex ratios.
早期发育变量会引发行为和神经方面的差异，尤其是在胚胎环境决定性腺性别的物种中。在豹纹守宫（Eublepharis macularius）中，卵的孵化温度（IncT）决定性腺性别。此外，IncT会影响个体的性别分化，进而影响性别内差异。从主要孵化出雄性的IncT温度下孵化的卵中孵出的个体，比从主要孵化出雌性的IncT温度下孵出的同性个体更具雄性化特征。在此，我们综述性腺性别和IncT如何相互作用，以影响豹纹守宫的行为、内分泌和神经表型，以及激素给药或社会经验后对表型可塑性的影响。我们讨论了性别和IncT依赖性行为、神经形态和代谢差异的激素依赖性，并强调了壁虎中IncT效应与啮齿动物子宫内位置效应之间的相似性。我们认为，豹纹守宫是一个重要模型，可用于研究性别决定过程如何影响性别分化以及性别比例进化背后的选择力量。
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