Mei Zuguo, Grummer-Strawn Laurence M, Thompson Diane, Dietz William H
Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Pediatrics. 2004 Jun;113(6):e617-27. doi: 10.1542/peds.113.6.e617.
To document growth-velocity changes across major percentiles during the preschool years.
Analyses of longitudinal data using height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles were performed to examine crossing of major percentiles of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were defined as the major percentiles.
Data from the California Child Health and Development Study were used.
A total of 10,844 children up to 60 months of age, with 44,296 height and weight measurements, were included in our final analysis.
For height-for-age, 32% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 13% to 15% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 2% to 10% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. For weight-for-age, 39% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 6% to 15% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 1% to 5% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. In contrast, for weight-for-height, 62% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 20% to 27% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 6% to 15% of children between 24 to 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. Similar to the pattern observed for weight-for-height, 8% to 15% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major BMI-for-age percentiles. During the preschool years, weight-for-height had the highest percentages of children who crossed 2 major percentiles, and weight-for-age had the lowest percentages of children who crossed 2 major percentiles among these 3 indices.
Shifts in growth rates were very common for children from birth to 6 months of age, somewhat less common for children 6 to 24 months of age, and least common for children 24 to 60 months of age. Shifts in weight-for-height occurred more frequently than did other growth changes. Pediatricians must consider the prevalence of growth rate shifts during infancy and early childhood before they counsel parents regarding growth or refer children for additional evaluations of growth.
记录学龄前儿童在主要百分位数上生长速度的变化。
采用年龄别身高、年龄别体重、身高别体重和年龄别体重指数（BMI）百分位数对纵向数据进行分析，以研究疾病控制与预防中心2000年生长图表主要百分位数的跨越情况。将第5、10、25、50、75、90和95百分位数定义为主要百分位数。
使用来自加利福尼亚儿童健康与发展研究的数据。
最终分析纳入了总共10844名60个月龄以下儿童，共进行了44296次身高和体重测量。
对于年龄别身高，出生至6个月龄的儿童中有32%、6至24个月龄的儿童中有13%至15%、24至60个月龄的儿童中有2%至10%跨越了2个主要百分位数。对于年龄别体重，出生至6个月龄的儿童中有39%、6至24个月龄的儿童中有6%至15%、24至60个月龄的儿童中有1%至5%跨越了2个主要百分位数。相比之下，对于身高别体重，出生至6个月龄的儿童中有62%、6至24个月龄的儿童中有20%至27%、24至60个月龄 的儿童中有6%至15%跨越了2个主要百分位数。与身高别体重观察到的模式相似，24至60个月龄的儿童中有8%至15%跨越了2个主要年龄别BMI百分位数。在学龄前阶段，在这三个指标中，身高别体重跨越2个主要百分位数的儿童比例最高，年龄别体重跨越2个主要百分位数的儿童比例最低。
从出生到6个月龄的儿童生长速度变化非常普遍，6至24个月龄的儿童变化稍少，24至60个月龄的儿童变化最少。身高别体重的变化比其他生长变化更频繁。儿科医生在就生长问题向家长提供咨询或转诊儿童进行进一步生长评估之前，必须考虑婴儿期和幼儿期生长速度变化的普遍性。
