Salzberg Philip M, Moffat John M
Washington Traffic Safety Commission, 1000 S. Cherry Street, PO Box 40944, Olympia, Washington 98504, USA.
J Safety Res. 2004;35(2):215-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.008.
Seat belt use in Washington state was 83% in 2001. In 2002, a series of law, policy, and program initiatives coalesced to produce a dramatic increase in seat belt use. Washington enacted a primary enforcement seat belt, the Chief of the Washington State Patrol made safety belt enforcement one of the core missions of that agency, and Washington participated in the national Memorial Day Click It or Ticket program during May 2002 and continued the program into 2003. Evaluation of these initiatives was accomplished through observation surveys of seat belt use, analysis of seat belt violation data, and analysis of data on traffic deaths of motor vehicle occupants. The major findings were that there was a two- to three-fold increase in enforcement of the seat belt law, belt use rates increased to 93% in 2002 and again to 95% in 2003, and motor-vehicle occupant fatalities decreased by 13%. IMPACT ON PRACTICE AND POLICY: The primary seat belt law and Click It or Ticket program activities were critical factors in increasing belt use in Washington state. Media and enforcement programs targeting seat belt use can be very effective in raising the belt use rate, but a long-term commitment to continuation of these program activities is essential. Other states implementing new primary seat belt laws should consider delivering a Click It or Ticket campaign prior to the effective date of the primary law and continuing these activities during subsequent months and years.
2001年，华盛顿州的安全带使用率为83%。2002年，一系列法律、政策和项目举措共同作用，使安全带使用率大幅提高。华盛顿州颁布了一项主要的安全带执法规定，华盛顿州巡逻队队长将安全带执法作为该机构的核心任务之一，并且华盛顿州在2002年5月参与了全国阵亡将士纪念日“系上安全带，否则开罚单”项目，并将该项目延续至2003年。通过对安全带使用情况的观察调查、安全带违规数据的分析以及机动车驾乘人员交通死亡数据的分析，对这些举措进行了评估。主要发现是，安全带法律的执法力度增加了两到三倍，2002年安全带使用率提高到93%，2003年再次提高到95%，机动车驾乘人员死亡人数减少了13%。对实践和政策的影响：主要的安全带法律和“系上安全带，否则开罚单”项目活动是华盛顿州提高安全带使用率的关键因素。针对安全带使用的媒体宣传和执法项目在提高安全带使用率方面可能非常有效，但对这些项目活动的长期持续投入至关重要。其他实施新的主要安全带法律的州应考虑在主要法律生效日期之前开展“系上安全带，否则开罚单”活动，并在随后的几个月和几年中持续开展这些活动。
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