Braat D D, Kaandorp C J
Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, afd. Gynaecologie en Obstetrie, Nijmegen.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004 May 22;148(21):1030-3.
Under the terms of the Dutch Embryo Act, institutions that perform in vitro fertilisation must work in accordance with a legally prescribed procedure. A model protocol has been drawn up under the auspices of the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement that can serve as a guideline and that may be amplified in details with regard to local circumstances. In vitro fertilisation is reserved to licensed centres with expert and experienced personnel. These centres must fulfil specific standards for both the clinical part and the laboratory part of the treatment. The decision in favour of ovarian stimulation depends on the wish to be able to select from multiple embryos and must be weighed against the burden on the patient, her age and the risk of developing an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Placing more than two embryos at a time is discouraged. In the contract between the depositors and the depository concerning the storage of embryos (cryopreservation), the points of departure are that the parties involved must agree on the use of the embryos and that each involved person may withdraw his or her permission at any time. In the Netherlands, oocyte donation is performed predominantly in women with premature ovarian failure. The maximum age of the acceptor is 45 years. Legally, the minimum age of a donor is 18 years, but the Committee recommends caution with donors under the age of 30 years; from the point of view of treatment efficacy, the maximum age is 40 years. For each individual oocyte donation procedure, permission is required from the medical-ethical assessment committee of the hospital in question. Often, a written report to the committee from the treating gynaecologist and a psychosocial counsellor will suffice. Because of the increased risk of pregnancy complications after oocyte donation, control and delivery in hospital are recommended. Post-mortem use of gametes or embryos is permitted, provided that the parties involved have given written permission.
根据荷兰《胚胎法》的规定，实施体外受精的机构必须按照法定程序开展工作。在荷兰医疗保健改善研究所的主持下制定了一份示范方案，可作为指导方针，并可根据当地情况详细扩充。体外受精仅保留给拥有专业且经验丰富人员的持牌中心。这些中心在治疗的临床部分和实验室部分都必须符合特定标准。是否进行卵巢刺激的决定取决于能否从多个胚胎中进行选择的意愿，并且必须权衡对患者的负担、患者年龄以及发生卵巢过度刺激综合征的风险。不鼓励一次植入超过两个胚胎。在胚胎储存（冷冻保存）的存放者与储存机构之间的合同中，出发点是相关各方必须就胚胎的使用达成一致，并且每个相关人员可随时撤回其许可。在荷兰，卵母细胞捐赠主要针对卵巢早衰的女性进行。接受者的最大年龄为45岁。法律上，捐赠者的最低年龄为18岁，但委员会建议对30岁以下的捐赠者谨慎行事；从治疗效果的角度来看，最大年龄为40岁。对于每例单独的卵母细胞捐赠程序，都需要相关医院的医学伦理评估委员会批准。通常，主治妇科医生和心理社会顾问向委员会提交的书面报告就足够了。由于卵母细胞捐赠后妊娠并发症的风险增加，建议在医院进行监测和分娩。经相关各方书面许可后，允许对配子或胚胎进行死后使用。
