Brock D W
Department of Philosophy, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Yale J Biol Med. 1992 Mar-Apr;65(2):121-9.
The principles of self-determination and individual well-being support the use of voluntary euthanasia by those who do not have moral or professional objections to it. Opponents of this posture cite the ethical wrongness of the act itself and the folly of any public or legal policy permitting euthanasia. Positive consequences of making euthanasia legally permissible respect the autonomy of competent patients desiring it, expand the population of patients who can choose the option, and release the dying patient from otherwise prolonged suffering and agony. Potentially bad consequences of permitting euthanasia include the undermining of the "moral center" of medicine by allowing physicians to kill, the weakening of society's commitment to provide optimal care for dying patients, and, of greatest concern, the "slippery slope" argument. The evaluation of the arguments leads to support for euthanasia, with its performance not incompatible with a physician's professional commitment.
自主决定权和个人福祉原则支持那些在道德或专业层面没有异议的人使用自愿安乐死。这一立场的反对者指出该行为本身在伦理上是错误的,以及任何允许安乐死的公共或法律政策都是愚蠢的。使安乐死合法化的积极后果包括尊重有能力且渴望安乐死的患者的自主权,扩大能够选择该选项的患者群体,并使濒死患者摆脱原本漫长的痛苦和折磨。允许安乐死可能产生的不良后果包括因允许医生实施杀戮而破坏医学的“道德核心”,削弱社会为濒死患者提供最佳护理的承诺,以及最令人担忧的“滑坡”论证。对这些论点的评估支持安乐死,其实施与医生的专业承诺并不矛盾。