E(Z)/EZH2介导的组蛋白H3赖氨酸27甲基化的功能

The functions of E(Z)/EZH2-mediated methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3.

作者信息

Cao Ru, Zhang Yi

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.

出版信息

Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Apr;14(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2004.02.001.

DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2004.02.001

PMID:15196462

Abstract

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are important for maintaining the silenced state of homeotic genes. Biochemical and genetic studies in Drosophila and mammalian cells indicate that PcG proteins function in at least two distinct protein complexes: the ESC-E(Z) or EED-EZH2 complex, and the PRC1 complex. Recent work has shown that at least part of the silencing function of the ESC-E(Z) complex is mediated by its intrinsic activity for methylating histone H3 on lysine 27. In addition to being involved in Hox gene silencing, the complex and its associated histone methyltransferase activity are important in other biological processes including X-inactivation, germline development, stem cell pluripotency and cancer metastasis.

摘要

多梳蛋白家族（PcG）对于维持同源异型基因的沉默状态至关重要。果蝇和哺乳动物细胞中的生化及遗传学研究表明，PcG蛋白在至少两种不同的蛋白质复合物中发挥作用：ESC-E(Z)或EED-EZH2复合物以及PRC1复合物。最近的研究表明，ESC-E(Z)复合物的沉默功能至少部分是由其使组蛋白H3赖氨酸27甲基化的内在活性介导的。除了参与Hox基因沉默外，该复合物及其相关的组蛋白甲基转移酶活性在其他生物学过程中也很重要，包括X染色体失活、生殖系发育、干细胞多能性和癌症转移。