牛粪、禽粪、磷质堆肥和化肥NPK对半干旱热带地区变性土三种种植制度的比较效果。I. 作物产量和系统性能

Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. I. Crop yields and system performance.

作者信息

Ghosh P K, Ramesh P, Bandyopadhyay K K, Tripathi A K, Hati K M, Misra A K, Acharya C L

机构信息

Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, Madhya Pradesh.

出版信息

Bioresour Technol. 2004 Oct;95(1):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.011.

DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.011

PMID:15207299

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted on deep vertisols of Bhopal, India to evaluate the manural potential of three organic manures: farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), phosphocompost (PC) vis-a-vis 0%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer-NPK and to find out the most productive cropping system at various combinations of organic manures and chemical fertilizers. The seed yield of intercrop soybean (population converted to 100%) was 8.7% less than sole soybean whereas the grain yield of intercrop sorghum was 9.5% more than that of sole sorghum. However, the productivity in terms of soybean equivalent yield (SEY) was relatively high in intercropping system. The increasing NPK dose from 0% to 100% significantly improved SEY in sole sorghum and soybean/sorghum intercropping system and the integrated use of organics and inorganics recorded significantly more SEY than inorganics. The effect of nutrient management followed the order; 75% NPK + 5 t FYM ha(-1) > 75% NPK + 1.5 t PM ha(-1) > 75% NPK + 5 t PC ha(-1) > 100% NPK. Sorghum, both as sole and intercrop, responded more to PM while soybean to FYM. Application of 75% NPK in combination with PM or FYM or PC to preceding rainy season crops (soybean and sorghum) and 75% NPK to wheat produced significantly higher grain yield of wheat than those in inorganics and control indicating noticeable residual effect on the succeeding wheat crop and saving of 25% fertilizer-NPK. The effect of PC on rainy season crops was not as prominent as those of FYM and PM, but its residual effect on grain yield of wheat was comparable to those two organic manures. Among the cropping systems, soybean as preceding crop recorded the highest seed yield of wheat and was on a par with that of soybean/sorghum intercropping system. The yield of wheat following sorghum was the lowest. The total system productivity (TSP) was the highest in sorghum + soybean-wheat system and the lowest in the soybean-wheat system.

摘要

在印度博帕尔的深厚变性土上进行了一项田间试验，以评估三种有机肥料（农家肥、家禽粪便、磷矿粉堆肥）相对于0%、75%和100%推荐剂量的化肥氮磷钾的施肥潜力，并找出有机肥料和化肥不同组合下的最高产种植系统。间作大豆（群体换算为100%）的种子产量比单作大豆低8.7%，而间作高粱的籽粒产量比单作高粱高9.5%。然而，间作系统中以大豆当量产量（SEY）衡量的生产力相对较高。在单作高粱和大豆/高粱间作系统中，将氮磷钾剂量从0%提高到100%显著提高了SEY，有机肥料和无机肥料的综合使用记录的SEY显著高于无机肥料。养分管理的效果顺序为：75%氮磷钾+5吨农家肥公顷⁻¹＞75%氮磷钾+1.5吨家禽粪便公顷⁻¹＞75%氮磷钾+5吨磷矿粉堆肥公顷⁻¹＞100%氮磷钾。高粱无论是单作还是间作，对家禽粪便的反应更大，而大豆对农家肥的反应更大。在前季雨季作物（大豆和高粱）上施用75%氮磷钾与家禽粪便或农家肥或磷矿粉堆肥，以及在小麦上施用75%氮磷钾，小麦的籽粒产量显著高于无机肥料和对照，表明对后季小麦作物有明显的残留效应，并节省了25%的化肥氮磷钾。磷矿粉堆肥对雨季作物的影响不如农家肥和家禽粪便显著，但其对小麦籽粒产量的残留效应与这两种有机肥料相当。在种植系统中，以大豆作为前作时，小麦的种子产量最高，与大豆/高粱间作系统相当。高粱之后种植小麦的产量最低。总系统生产力（TSP）在高粱+大豆-小麦系统中最高，在大豆-小麦系统中最低。