基于土壤测试作物响应法的综合肥料使用对印度半干旱条件下珍珠粟（黍稷）-小麦（普通小麦）种植系统的长期影响研究

Studies on long-term impact of STCR based integrated fertilizer use on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in semi arid condition of India.

作者信息

Sharma V K, Pandey R N, Sharma B M

出版信息

J Environ Biol. 2015 Jan;36(1):241-7.

Abstract

A long-term field experiment on pearl millet - wheat cropping system with soil test crop response correlation (STCR) based fertilizer application was initiated during kharif- 2003 on a sandy loam soil (Typic Halustept) at a research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The aim of the experiment was to study the impact of STCR based integrated fertilizer application for targeted yield of pearl millet - wheat cropping sequence yield and changes in soil health. The result showed a significant and positive impact of integrated use of the fertilizerwith FYM on productivity of the cropping sequence and soil fertility. The STCR based integrated fertilizer recommendations with FYM produced significantly higher grain and straw yields of pearl millet and wheat crops as compared to other treatments. The highest average (2003 to 2010-11) grain and straw yield of pearl millet (2.85 and 6.59 t ha(-1)) and wheat (5.32 and 7.17 t ha(-1)) was recorded with the application of STCR based integrated fertilizer recommendations (T2) for targeted level of yield 2.5 and 5.0 ha(-1), respectively. Average increase in grain and straw yield of pearl millet was 203 and 197% and 196 and 193% of wheat under T2 treatment over control (T4). After harvest of wheat crops (2010-11), the physical, biological properties and fertility status i.e. available N, P and K of soil were improved in the treatments where STCR based integrated fertilizer dose with 10 t FYM (T2) and FYM @20 t ha(-1)(T1) were applied in both the crops and were significantly higher as compared to T3 treatment except available phosphorus. Economic analysis based on average yield of eight cropping sequence (2003 to 2010-11), pearl millet - wheat cropping sequence gave maximum net return of Rs. 100,907 ha(-1) yr(-1) and total return of Rs. 64,992/ ha(-1)yr(-1) over control with STCR based integrated fertilizer recommendations (T2). It is concluded that STCR based integrated fertilizer can be adopted by the farmers of arid region for getting higher yield, profit and improving soil health.

摘要

2003年雨季期间，在新德里印度农业研究机构的一个试验农场，于砂壤土（典型干旱土）上开展了一项基于土壤测试作物反应相关性（STCR）施肥的珍珠粟 - 小麦种植系统长期田间试验。该试验的目的是研究基于STCR的综合施肥对珍珠粟 - 小麦种植序列目标产量及土壤健康变化的影响。结果表明，化肥与农家肥综合使用对种植序列生产力和土壤肥力有显著的积极影响。与其他处理相比，基于STCR的综合施肥建议并配施农家肥，使珍珠粟和小麦作物的籽粒及秸秆产量显著更高。在分别针对2.5和5.0公顷 -1的目标产量水平施用基于STCR的综合施肥建议（T2）时，记录到珍珠粟的最高平均（2003年至2010 - 11年）籽粒和秸秆产量（分别为2.85和6.59吨公顷 -1）以及小麦的最高平均（2003年至2010 - 11年）籽粒和秸秆产量（分别为5.32和7.17吨公顷 -1）。在T2处理下，珍珠粟的籽粒和秸秆产量平均增幅分别比对照（T4）高出203%和197%，小麦的籽粒和秸秆产量平均增幅分别比对照高出196%和193%。在收获小麦作物（2010 - 11年）后，在两种作物上均施用基于STCR的综合施肥量并配施10吨农家肥（T2）以及20吨公顷 -1农家肥（T1）的处理中，土壤的物理、生物学性质及肥力状况（即有效氮、磷和钾）得到改善，除有效磷外，与T3处理相比显著更高。基于八个种植序列（2003年至2010 - 11年）的平均产量进行的经济分析表明，采用基于STCR的综合施肥建议（T2）时，珍珠粟 - 小麦种植序列的净收益最高，为100,907卢比公顷 -1年 -1，总收益为64,992卢比公顷 -1年 -1，高于对照。得出的结论是，干旱地区的农民可采用基于STCR的综合施肥，以获得更高产量、利润并改善土壤健康。