Masto Reginald Ebhin, Chhonkar Pramod K, Singh Dhyan, Patra Ashok K
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Jan;136(1-3):419-35. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9697-z. Epub 2007 Apr 25.
Soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. Our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (FYM), and crop management practices on a semiarid Inceptisol in India. Soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) near New Delhi were used. Plots receiving optimum NPK, super optimum NPK and optimum NPK + FYM had better values for all the parameters analyzed. Biological, chemical, and physical soil quality indicator data were transformed into scores (0 to 1) using both linear and non-linear scoring functions, and combined into soil quality indices using unscreened transformations, regression equation, or principal component analysis (PCA). Long-term application of optimum inorganic fertilizers (NPK) resulted in higher soil quality ratings for all methods, although the highest values were obtained for treatment, which included FYM. Correlations between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and the various soil quality indices showed the best relationship (highest r) between yield and a PCA-derived SQI. Differences in SQI values suggest that the control (no NPK, no manure) and N only treatments were degrading, while soils receiving animal manure (FYM) or super optimum NPK fertilizer had the best soil quality, respectively. Lower ratings associated with the N only and NP treatments suggest that one of the most common soil management practices in India may not be sustainable. A framework for soil quality assessment is proposed.
土壤质量评估为评价替代土壤管理措施的可持续性提供了一种工具。我们的目标是制定最敏感的土壤质量指标，用于评估印度半干旱始成土上的肥料、农家肥和作物管理措施。使用了来自新德里附近印度农业研究所（IARI）的一项长期（31年）肥料、粪肥和作物轮作（玉米、小麦、豇豆、珍珠粟）研究的土壤指标和作物产量数据。接受最佳氮磷钾、超最佳氮磷钾和最佳氮磷钾+农家肥的地块在所有分析参数上都有更好的值。利用线性和非线性评分函数将生物、化学和物理土壤质量指标数据转换为分数（0至1），并使用未筛选的变换、回归方程或主成分分析（PCA）将其组合成土壤质量指数。长期施用最佳无机肥料（氮磷钾）对所有方法都导致了更高的土壤质量评级，尽管包括农家肥的处理获得了最高值。小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）产量与各种土壤质量指数之间的相关性表明，产量与PCA衍生的土壤质量指数之间的关系最佳（r最高）。土壤质量指数值的差异表明，对照（不施氮磷钾、不施粪肥）和仅施氮处理的土壤质量在下降，而施用动物粪肥（农家肥）或超最佳氮磷钾肥料的土壤质量分别最佳。与仅施氮和氮磷处理相关的较低评级表明，印度最常见的土壤管理措施之一可能不可持续。提出了一个土壤质量评估框架。
