Benjamins Maureen Reindl, Hummer Robert A, Eberstein Isaac W, Nam Charles B
Department of Sociology, Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station G1800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2004 Sep;59(6):1297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.01.001.
The relationship between self-reported health and mortality is well documented, but less well understood. This study uses the National Health Interview Survey linked to mortality data from the National Death Index to examine the association between self-reported health and a comprehensive set of underlying cause of death and multiple cause of death categories. We also examined whether gender moderates the relationship between self-reported health and cause-specific mortality risk. Results show that the relationship between self-rated health and mortality differs by cause of death and by number of causes. Deaths due to diabetes, infectious and respiratory diseases, and a higher number of causes are most strongly associated with subjective health. Self-reported health also exhibits a moderately strong association with deaths due to heart disease, stroke, and cancer. In contrast, self-rated health is only weakly or not associated with deaths due to accident, homicide, and suicide. The relationship between self-reported health and mortality risk is also found to be stronger among men for several causes, although not for all. These findings should help researchers and policy-makers to better understand the specific predictive power of this important global measure of health.
自我报告的健康状况与死亡率之间的关系已有充分记录，但人们对此的了解尚少。本研究利用与国家死亡指数中的死亡率数据相关联的国家健康访谈调查，来检验自我报告的健康状况与一系列全面的潜在死因及多种死因类别之间的关联。我们还研究了性别是否会调节自我报告的健康状况与特定病因死亡率风险之间的关系。结果表明，自我评定的健康状况与死亡率之间的关系因死因和病因数量而异。糖尿病、传染病和呼吸道疾病导致的死亡以及更多病因导致的死亡与主观健康状况的关联最为紧密。自我报告的健康状况与心脏病、中风和癌症导致的死亡也呈现出中度紧密的关联。相比之下，自我评定的健康状况与意外事故、他杀和自杀导致的死亡仅有微弱关联或无关联。研究还发现，在某些病因导致的死亡中，自我报告的健康状况与死亡率风险之间的关系在男性中更为紧密，不过并非所有病因都是如此。这些发现应有助于研究人员和政策制定者更好地理解这一重要的全球健康指标的具体预测能力。
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