Oliveira Carla, Ferreira António César, Costa Paulo, Guerra Joaquim, Guedes De Pinho Paula
Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 30;52(13):4178-84. doi: 10.1021/jf0498766.
The effect of some viticultural parameters on the grape carotenoid profile was investigated. Grape cultivar, ripeness stage, sunlight and shade exposure, altitude, and vegetative height were studied. Differences between cultivars were observed in eight different black grape varieties: Touriga Brasileira (TBR), Tinta Barroca (TB), Tinta Amarela (TA), Souzão (S), Touriga Franca (TF), Touriga Nacional (TN), Tinta Roriz (TR), and Tinto Cão (TC), from the Douro region. TA and TBR clearly produced higher concentrations of carotenoids. Results showed that carotenoid content decreased during ripening. Decreases of lutein were observed until 66%, whereas beta-carotene slowly decreased, having a constant level until the harvest date. Carotenoid contents were consistently higher in grapes exposed to shade than in those exposed to direct sunlight in both studied white grape varieties, Maria Gomes (MG) and Loureiro (L). In the Douro Valley, high-elevation terraces, which presented a lower temperature and higher humidity during the maturation period, appeared to produce grapes with higher carotenoid values. Grapes grown with higher vegetative height seem to have higher carotenoid levels; furthermore, grapes grown with lower vegetative height had higher weight and sugar concentrations.
研究了一些葡萄栽培参数对葡萄类胡萝卜素谱的影响。对葡萄品种、成熟阶段、光照和遮荫情况、海拔高度以及植株高度进行了研究。在来自杜罗地区的八个不同的黑葡萄品种中观察到了品种间的差异：巴西图里加（TBR）、巴罗卡（TB）、黄里加（TA）、苏萨奥（S）、法国图里加（TF）、国家图里加（TN）、罗丽兹（TR）和廷托卡奥（TC）。TA和TBR明显产生了更高浓度的类胡萝卜素。结果表明，类胡萝卜素含量在成熟过程中下降。叶黄素含量下降了66%，而β-胡萝卜素缓慢下降，直到收获日期保持恒定水平。在两个研究的白葡萄品种玛利亚·戈麦斯（MG）和洛雷罗（L）中，遮荫条件下的葡萄类胡萝卜素含量始终高于直接暴露在阳光下的葡萄。在杜罗河谷，海拔较高的梯田在成熟期温度较低、湿度较高，似乎能产出类胡萝卜素含量较高的葡萄。植株高度较高的葡萄似乎类胡萝卜素水平更高；此外，植株高度较低的葡萄重量和糖分浓度更高。
