Ertmer David J
Audiology and Speech Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004 Jun;47(3):484-95. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/038).
Real-time spectrographic displays (SDs) have been used in speech training for more than 30 years with adults and children who have severe and profound hearing impairments. Despite positive outcomes from treatment studies, concerns remain that the complex and abstract nature of spectrograms may make these speech training aids unsuitable for use with children. This investigation examined how well children with normal hearing sensitivity and children with impaired hearing can recognize spectrographic cues for vowels and consonants, and the ages at which these visual cues are distinguished. Sixty children (30 with normal hearing sensitivity, 30 with hearing impairments) in 3 age groups (6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 years) were familiarized with the spectrographic characteristics of selected vowels and consonants. The children were then tested on their ability to select a match for a model spectrogram from among 3 choices. Overall scores indicated that spectrographic cues were recognized with greater-than-chance accuracy by all age groups. Formant contrasts were recognized with greater accuracy than consonant manner contrasts. Children with normal hearing sensitivity and those with hearing impairment performed equally well.
实时频谱显示（SDs）已在针对重度和极重度听力障碍的成人及儿童的言语训练中使用了30多年。尽管治疗研究取得了积极成果，但仍有人担心频谱图的复杂和抽象性质可能使这些言语训练辅助工具不适用于儿童。本研究调查了听力正常的儿童和听力受损的儿童识别元音和辅音的频谱线索的能力，以及区分这些视觉线索的年龄。三个年龄组（6 - 7岁、8 - 9岁和10 - 11岁）的60名儿童（30名听力正常，30名听力受损）熟悉了所选元音和辅音的频谱特征。然后测试这些儿童从三个选项中为模型频谱图选择匹配项的能力。总体得分表明，所有年龄组识别频谱线索的准确率均高于随机水平。共振峰对比度的识别准确率高于辅音发音方式对比度。听力正常的儿童和听力受损的儿童表现同样出色。
