Torry Donald S, Hinrichs Monica, Torry Ronald J
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9626, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2004 Apr;51(4):257-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00154.x.
Vascular growth during implantation and placentation is critical for successful gestation and it is thought that vascular insufficiencies during placentation contribute to a number of obstetrical complications. However, relatively little is known regarding the regulation of angiogenesis in the placenta.
We review literature concerning the potential significance of inadequate placental vascularity as a contributor to the obstetrical complications of spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Gene expression assays were used to compare fluctuations of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and PlGF receptor expression in normal and preeclamptic trophoblast in vitro.
Studies have shown that common obstetrical complications manifest altered placental vascularity. Both intrinsic defects (gene knockouts) and extrinsic factors (O(2) tension, cytokines, etc) may be responsible for the defects. Some of these factors have been shown to influence trophoblast vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/PlGF expression suggesting this particular family of angiogenic proteins play an important role in placental angiogenesis.
Placental vascularization reflects a complex interaction of regulatory factors. Understanding the regulation of vascular growth in the placenta will provide much needed insight into placenta-related vascular insufficiencies.
着床和胎盘形成过程中的血管生长对成功妊娠至关重要，并且人们认为胎盘形成过程中的血管功能不全是导致多种产科并发症的原因。然而，关于胎盘血管生成的调节，我们所知相对较少。
我们回顾了有关胎盘血管不足作为自然流产、胎儿生长受限和先兆子痫等产科并发症的一个促成因素的潜在意义的文献。基因表达分析用于比较正常和先兆子痫滋养层细胞体外培养时胎盘生长因子（PlGF）及其受体表达的波动情况。
研究表明，常见的产科并发症表现为胎盘血管改变。内在缺陷（基因敲除）和外在因素（氧张力、细胞因子等）都可能是这些缺陷的原因。其中一些因素已被证明会影响滋养层血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）/PlGF的表达，这表明这一特定的血管生成蛋白家族在胎盘血管生成中起重要作用。
胎盘血管形成反映了调节因子的复杂相互作用。了解胎盘血管生长的调节将为与胎盘相关的血管功能不全提供急需的见解。
