Combined-modality therapy of rectal cancer with oxaliplatin-based regimens.

There are 2 conventional treatments for clinically resectable rectal cancer. First is surgery and, if the tumor is stage T3 and/or N1/2, this is followed by postoperative combined modality therapy. The second is preoperative combined modality therapy followed by surgery and postoperative combined modality therapy if the tumor is stage uT3/4 and/or node-positive. There are a number of new chemotherapeutic agents that have been developed for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Phase I/II trials examining the use of these new chemotherapeutic agents in combination with pelvic radiation therapy, most commonly in the preoperative setting are in progress and suggest higher complete response rates. There is considerable interest in integrating oxaliplatin into preoperative combined modality therapy regimens for rectal cancer. Based on results from phase I/II trials, the recommended regimen for patients who receive oxaliplatin-based combined modality therapy is continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine with pelvic radiation.