Cataloluk Osman, Gogebakan Bulent
Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Kampus, Turkey.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 Jul 1;236(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.05.010.
The prevalence of different resistance genes was investigated in lactobacilli of human and dairy origin by PCR. The presence of erm, van, tet, and cat-TC genes were determined in 16 raw milk, 15 cream, 10 yogurt, 50 hand-made cheese, and 20 industrially produced white-cheese samples of dairy origin and 16 mouth, 32 fecal, and 36 vaginal samples from different subjects of human origin. Lactobacilli of dairy and human origin were found to carry only erm(B) and tet(M) genes. The majority of the isolates, Lactobacillus crispatus (61), Lactobacillus gasseri (49), Lactobacillus plantarum (80) studied were found to harbor either erm(B) or tet(M) gene or both. No resistant lactobacilli was found in raw-milk and cream samples. All the human fecal samples and the majority of vaginal (29 of 36) and mouth (10 of 14) samples were found to carry the resistance genes. While a third of the hand-made cheeses carried resistant lactobacilli only one industrially produced cheese was found to carry resistant lactobacilli. Furthermore, the genes were found in the non-starter species, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lb. plantarum, indicating that industrially produced cheeses in this respect could be considered more favorable. These results indicate that drug resistance seems to be very common in Turkey. Even though the number of dairy samples harboring the resistance genes (17 of 111) is smaller in regards to human samples, 10% of them were still found to carry the resistance genes as well. The presence of the resistance genes in majority of the samples of human origin and in minority of the samples of dairy origin indicates that drug resistance may be acquired in the intestinal tract during passage and spread to dairy products by the hands of workers during production.
通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）研究了人和乳制品来源的乳酸菌中不同抗性基因的流行情况。在16份生乳、15份奶油、10份酸奶、50份手工制作奶酪以及20份工业生产的白奶酪样品（均为乳制品来源）和16份口腔、32份粪便以及36份来自不同人类受试者的阴道样品中，测定了erm、van、tet和cat-TC基因的存在情况。发现人和乳制品来源的乳酸菌仅携带erm(B)和tet(M)基因。所研究的大多数分离株，即卷曲乳杆菌（61株）、加氏乳杆菌（49株）、植物乳杆菌（80株），被发现携带erm(B)或tet(M)基因，或两者都携带。在生乳和奶油样品中未发现抗性乳酸菌。所有人类粪便样品以及大多数阴道样品（36份中的29份）和口腔样品（14份中的10份）被发现携带抗性基因。虽然三分之一的手工制作奶酪携带抗性乳酸菌，但仅发现一份工业生产的奶酪携带抗性乳酸菌。此外，在非发酵剂菌种嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌中也发现了这些基因，这表明在这方面工业生产的奶酪可能更有利。这些结果表明，耐药性在土耳其似乎非常普遍。尽管与人类样品相比，携带抗性基因的乳制品样品数量（111份中的17份）较少，但仍有10%的乳制品样品被发现也携带抗性基因。大多数人类来源样品和少数乳制品来源样品中存在抗性基因，表明耐药性可能在肠道中传递过程中获得，并在生产过程中通过工人的手传播到乳制品中。
