Aljada Ahmad, Ghanim Husam, Mohanty Priya, Syed Tufail, Bandyopadhyay Arindam, Dandona Paresh
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, and Kaleida Health, 14209, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):51-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.51.
Glucose intake has been shown to cause an increase in intranuclear nuclear factor-kappa B and a decrease in inhibitor kappa B that are consistent with a proinflammatory effect. We investigated the effect of glucose intake on 2 other proinflammatory transcription factors, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and early growth response 1 (Egr-1), and on the genes regulated by them, ie, the genes for matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) and tissue factor (TF), respectively.
The objective of the study was to ascertain whether the intake of 75 g glucose induces an increase in AP-1, Egr-1, and the genes regulated by them.
Eight healthy subjects were given 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water to drink. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, and 3 h after glucose intake. Four weeks later, the same subjects were given 300 mL water sweetened with saccharine, and blood samples were collected at the same time points. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated, and nuclear fractions were isolated.
AP-1 and Egr-1 binding activities were significantly higher 1 and 2 h after glucose intake and then decreased toward the baseline by 3 h. The expression of MMP-2 and TF in MNC homogenates also was significantly higher at 2 and 3 h. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 were significantly higher at 3 h, whereas those of MMP-9 were significantly higher at 1, 2, and 3 h. In addition, TF was significantly higher at 2 and 3 h. Intake of saccharine-sweetened water had no significant effect on the inflammatory mediators measured in this study.
Glucose induces proinflammatory changes, including increases in AP-1, Egr-1, MMPs, and TF, the factors that regulate processes that are potentially relevant to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis.
摄入葡萄糖已被证明会导致细胞核内核因子-κB增加，抑制蛋白κB减少，这与促炎作用一致。我们研究了葡萄糖摄入对另外两种促炎转录因子，即活化蛋白1（AP-1）和早期生长反应1（Egr-1），以及它们所调控的基因，即分别为基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）和9（MMP-9）以及组织因子（TF）的基因的影响。
本研究的目的是确定摄入75克葡萄糖是否会导致AP-1、Egr-1及其调控基因增加。
给8名健康受试者饮用溶解在300毫升水中的75克葡萄糖。在摄入葡萄糖前以及摄入后1、2和3小时采集血样。四周后，给同一批受试者饮用用糖精调味的300毫升水，并在相同时间点采集血样。分离单核细胞（MNCs），并分离细胞核部分。
葡萄糖摄入后1小时和2小时，AP-1和Egr-1的结合活性显著升高，然后在3小时时降至基线水平。MNC匀浆中MMP-2和TF的表达在2小时和3小时时也显著升高。MMP-2的血浆浓度在3小时时显著升高，而MMP-9的血浆浓度在1、2和3小时时显著升高。此外，TF在2小时和3小时时显著升高。摄入糖精调味的水对本研究中测量的炎症介质没有显著影响。
葡萄糖会诱导促炎变化，包括AP-1、Egr-1、基质金属蛋白酶和TF增加，这些因素调控的过程可能与动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂和血栓形成有关。
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