Lascaratos John G, Panourias Ioannis G, Sakas Damianos E
Department of History of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Neurosurgery. 2004 Jul;55(1):214-20; discussion 220-1. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000126883.25501.e3.
To describe hydrocephalus, the techniques applied for its treatment by Byzantine physicians, and their later influence.
A study and analysis of the original texts of the Byzantine medical writers, written in Greek, was undertaken. A comparison with current concepts also was made.
Three eminent Byzantine physicians: Oribasius (4th century AD), Aetius (6th century AD), and Paul of Aegina (7th century AD) gave the first detailed information regarding hydrocephalus and its conservative and surgical treatment. These physicians, who were trained in Alexandria, quote the concepts of the now-lost works of the celebrated surgeons of the Pneumatic School of Alexandria Leonides and Heliodorus (1st century AD) and its follower Antyllus (2nd century AD). In the types of hydrocephalus they described, we identify the conditions currently known as cephalhematoma and subgaleal hematoma, for which conservative and surgical treatments were provided, and epidural hematoma, which was thought to be incurable.
The term hydrocephalus was coined during the Hellenistic period. The clinical picture of the disease, however, as described by later Byzantine physicians, does not correspond to current concepts. The ideas of the Byzantine physicians were based on the ancient Hippocratic, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions, which influenced Arab medicine and then Western European medicine, thus constituting significant roots of modern neurosurgery.
描述脑积水、拜占庭医生用于治疗脑积水的技术及其后续影响。
对用希腊文撰写的拜占庭医学作家的原始文本进行研究和分析。还与当前概念进行了比较。
三位杰出的拜占庭医生：奥里巴西乌斯（公元4世纪）、埃提乌斯（公元6世纪）和埃伊纳岛的保罗（公元7世纪）首次给出了关于脑积水及其保守和手术治疗的详细信息。这些在亚历山大里亚接受培训的医生引用了现已失传的亚历山大里亚气学派著名外科医生利奥尼德斯和赫利奥多罗斯（公元1世纪）及其追随者安提卢斯（公元2世纪）著作中的概念。在他们描述的脑积水类型中，我们识别出了目前已知的头颅血肿和帽状腱膜下血肿，针对这些情况提供了保守和手术治疗，还有被认为无法治愈的硬膜外血肿。
脑积水这个术语是在希腊化时期创造的。然而，后来拜占庭医生所描述的该病临床表现与当前概念并不相符。拜占庭医生的观点基于古代希波克拉底、希腊化和罗马传统，这些传统影响了阿拉伯医学，进而影响了西欧医学，从而构成了现代神经外科的重要根源。
