Pohanka Mary, Fitzgerald Sheila
U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
AAOHN J. 2004 Jun;52(6):242-6.
Urban sprawl, once thought of as just an environmental issue, is currently gaining momentum as an emerging public health issue worthy of research and political attention. Characteristics seen in sprawling communities include increasing traffic volumes; inadequate public transportation; pedestrian unfriendly streets; and the division of businesses, shops, and homes. These characteristics can affect health in many ways. Greater air pollution contributes to higher asthma and other lung disorder rates. An increased dependence on the automobile encourages a more sedentary lifestyle and can potentially contribute to obesity. The increased danger and stress of long commutes can lead to more accidents, anxiety, and social isolation. Occupational health nurses can become involved by promoting physical activity in the workplace, creating programs for injury prevention and stress management, becoming involved in political smart growth measures, and educating and encouraging colleagues to become active in addressing this issue.
城市扩张曾被认为只是一个环境问题，而如今正作为一个值得研究和政治关注的新兴公共卫生问题而愈演愈烈。在扩张型社区中可以看到的特征包括交通流量增加、公共交通不足、街道不利于行人通行，以及商业、商店和住宅的分散。这些特征会在很多方面影响健康。更严重的空气污染导致哮喘和其他肺部疾病的发病率更高。对汽车的依赖增加促使人们养成更久坐的生活方式，并可能导致肥胖。长距离通勤增加的危险和压力会导致更多事故、焦虑和社会隔离。职业健康护士可以通过在工作场所促进体育活动、制定预防伤害和压力管理计划、参与政治上的明智增长措施，以及教育和鼓励同事积极应对这个问题来发挥作用。
