Van Beresteijn E C, Riedstra M, van der Wel A, Schouten E G, Burema J, Kok F J
Department of Nutrition, Netherlands Institute for Dairy Research (NIZO), Ede.
Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Aug;21(4):683-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/21.4.683.
In a 10-year follow-up study, blood pressure and dietary intake were measured annually in 167 healthy perimenopausal normotensive women. Their initial ages ranged between 49 and 56 years and habitual calcium intake between 560 and 2580 mg/day (mean 1110 mg/day); they lived in the mixed rural/industrial community of Ede, the Netherlands. The longitudinal design provided an opportunity to study the 'natural history' of blood pressure and the effect of dietary calcium during and after the period of ovarian failure. For data analysis, person-time experience was divided into three menopausal periods. Based on years relative to menopause three menopausal cohorts were created starting 2 years before, 2 years after and 6 years after menopause, each was followed for 4 years. Changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the menopausal periods were adjusted for change in body mass index and other relevant variables in multiple regression analysis. An average decline in SBP of 6 mm Hg was observed in the period of 2 years before menopause to 6 years after menopause, and an increase of almost 5 mm Hg in the period between 6 and 10 years after menopause. A significant change in DBP was not observed. Neither changes in, nor the absolute level of, calcium intake showed any relevant association with blood pressure change. Ovarian failure seems to reverse temporarily the increase in blood pressure due to aging. The results do not suggest that a habitual calcium intake exceeding 800-1000 mg/day (the current Recommended Daily Allowance for adults) is effective in preventing hypertension during the peri- and postmenopausal period.
在一项为期10年的随访研究中，每年对167名健康的围绝经期血压正常的女性进行血压测量和饮食摄入量评估。她们的初始年龄在49岁至56岁之间，习惯性钙摄入量在每天560毫克至2580毫克之间（平均每天1110毫克）；她们生活在荷兰埃德的农村/工业混合社区。纵向设计为研究血压的“自然史”以及卵巢功能衰竭期间和之后饮食钙的影响提供了机会。为了进行数据分析，将个人时间经历分为三个绝经阶段。根据绝经前后的年份，创建了三个绝经队列，分别从绝经前2年、绝经后2年和绝经后6年开始，每个队列随访4年。在多元回归分析中，对绝经期间收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的变化进行了体重指数变化和其他相关变量的校正。在绝经前2年至绝经后6年期间，观察到收缩压平均下降6毫米汞柱，在绝经后6年至10年期间上升近5毫米汞柱。未观察到舒张压有显著变化。钙摄入量的变化及其绝对水平均与血压变化无任何相关关联。卵巢功能衰竭似乎暂时逆转了因衰老导致的血压升高。结果并不表明，习惯性钙摄入量超过每天800 - 1000毫克（目前成年人的每日推荐摄入量）对预防绝经前后高血压有效。
