Burd Larry, Selfridge Rachael, Klug Marilyn, Bakko Stacy
The North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
Addict Biol. 2004 Jun;9(2):169-76; discussion 177-8. doi: 10.1080/13556210410001717060.
Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which may increase the risk of confinement in the corrections system. In the United States each state and four major cities' corrections systems were asked to complete a questionnaire on the prevalence of FAS and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) in the offender population, the availability of screening and diagnostic services to identify offenders with FAS and staff training needs related to FAS. The total population in the 54 entities was 3,080,904 inmates. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 42 entities (78%). The mean rate of reported substance abuse in offenders was 60.1%. Specialized programs for persons with mental retardation were reported for 44.4% of corrections facilities and 25.9% of community corrections facilities. Programs for pregnant women were reported for 46.3% of corrections facilities and 29.6% of community facilities. One program (1.9%) reported having a screening program for FAS in the corrections system. Only four programs (7.4%) reported having access to diagnostic services for FAS in the corrections facilities. Of the 3,080,904 offenders, only one offender was reported to have a diagnosis of FAS. Reported staff training needs were very large. In conclusion, corrections systems have high unmet needs to screen, identify, and treat offenders with FAS and ARND. Staff training needs are substantial.
产前酒精暴露可导致胎儿酒精综合征（FAS），这可能会增加被关押在惩教系统中的风险。在美国，每个州以及四个主要城市的惩教系统都被要求填写一份问卷，内容涉及罪犯群体中FAS和酒精相关神经发育障碍（ARND）的患病率、用于识别患有FAS的罪犯的筛查和诊断服务的可获得性以及与FAS相关的工作人员培训需求。这54个实体中的总人口为3080904名囚犯。从42个实体（78%）获得了完整的问卷。报告的罪犯药物滥用平均发生率为60.1%。44.4%的惩教设施和25.9%的社区矫正设施报告有针对智力迟钝者的专门项目。46.3%的惩教设施和29.6%的社区设施报告有针对孕妇的项目。有一个项目（1.9%）报告在惩教系统中有FAS筛查项目。只有四个项目（7.4%）报告在惩教设施中有FAS诊断服务。在3080904名罪犯中，只有一名罪犯被报告诊断患有FAS。报告的工作人员培训需求非常大。总之，惩教系统在筛查、识别和治疗患有FAS和ARND的罪犯方面存在大量未满足的需求。工作人员培训需求很大。
