Popova Svetlana, Lange Shannon, Burd Larry, Rehm Jürgen
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St., Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; Institute of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St., Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;41:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.03.010. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading identifiable cause of intellectual disability in the Western world and may result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Individuals with FASD have a higher risk of being involved in the legal system, either as offenders or as victims. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to estimate the direct cost for youths (12-17 years old) and adults (18+ years old) with FASD to the Canadian correctional system in 2011/2012. The prevalence of FASD in the Canadian correctional system, obtained from the current epidemiological literature, was applied to the average number of youths and adults in the correctional system in 2011/2012. The average daily cost for corrections was then applied to the estimated number of youths and adults with FASD in custody. The cost of corrections among youths with FASD in Canada in 2011/2012 was calculated to be approximately $17.5M Canadian dollars (CND; $13.6M CND for males and $3.8M CND for females) and among adults with FASD was estimated to be about $356.2M CND ($140M CND for provincial and territorial custody and $216.2M CND for federal custody). The study findings emphasize the need to raise awareness regarding the prevalence of FASD in the correctional system. It is crucial to incorporate FASD screening and intervention strategies as early as possible in the criminal justice process.
产前酒精暴露是西方世界可识别的智力残疾的主要原因，可能导致胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）。患有FASD的个体作为罪犯或受害者卷入法律系统的风险更高。因此，本研究的目的是估计2011/2012年患有FASD的青少年（12至17岁）和成年人（18岁及以上）给加拿大惩教系统带来的直接成本。从当前流行病学文献中获取的加拿大惩教系统中FASD的患病率，应用于2011/2012年惩教系统中青少年和成年人的平均人数。然后将平均每日惩教成本应用于被拘留的患有FASD的青少年和成年人的估计人数。2011/2012年加拿大患有FASD的青少年的惩教成本计算约为1750万加元（加拿大元；男性为1360万加元，女性为380万加元），患有FASD的成年人的惩教成本估计约为3.562亿加元（省级和地区拘留为1.4亿加元，联邦拘留为2.162亿加元）。研究结果强调有必要提高对惩教系统中FASD患病率的认识。在刑事司法过程中尽早纳入FASD筛查和干预策略至关重要。
