McCabe Kristen M, Yeh May, Lau Anna, Garland Ann, Hough Richard
Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Ment Health Serv Res. 2003 Sep;5(3):137-47. doi: 10.1023/a:1024439317884.
This study examined several hypotheses related to racial/ethnic variations in caregiver strain and perceived social support among parents caring for children with emotional/behavioral problems. A subsample of youth from the Patterns of Care (POC) study, which drew a stratified random sample of high-risk youth active to 1 of 5 public sectors of care, was used to test these hypotheses. When controlling for youth age, parental education, presence in an alcohol/drug or mental health (ADM) sector, and severity of child problems, African Americans reported significantly lower caregiver strain then did non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), whereas Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) and Latinos did not differ significantly from NHWs. Contrary to prediction, both African Americans and APIs reported significantly lower perceived social support than NHWs, whereas Latinos did not differ significantly from NHWs. When perceived social support was controlled, the tendency of African American and API parents to report lower caregiver strain than NHWs became more pronounced. Thus, differences in perceived social support did not explain African Americans' lower caregiver strain. Other cultural variables such as familism and tolerance should be examined to identify processes that result in reduced perception of caregiver strain among African American parents caring for children with emotional/behavioral problems.
本研究检验了几个与照顾有情绪/行为问题儿童的父母的照顾者压力及感知到的社会支持方面的种族/族裔差异相关的假设。使用了来自“护理模式”（POC）研究的青年亚样本对这些假设进行检验，该研究从活跃于5个公共护理部门之一的高危青年中抽取了分层随机样本。在控制了青年年龄、父母教育程度、是否在酒精/药物或心理健康（ADM）部门以及儿童问题的严重程度后，非裔美国人报告的照顾者压力显著低于非西班牙裔白人（NHWs），而亚裔/太平洋岛民（APIs）和拉丁裔与NHWs没有显著差异。与预测相反，非裔美国人和APIs报告的感知到的社会支持均显著低于NHWs，而拉丁裔与NHWs没有显著差异。当控制了感知到的社会支持后，非裔美国人和API父母报告的照顾者压力低于NHWs的趋势变得更加明显。因此，感知到的社会支持差异并不能解释非裔美国人较低的照顾者压力。应该研究其他文化变量，如家庭主义和宽容度，以确定导致照顾有情绪/行为问题儿童的非裔美国父母照顾者压力感知降低的过程。
