Janson R, Weissbach L
Rofo. 1978 Oct;129(4):485-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1231144.
The clinical significance of varicoceles depends on their frequency and on the fact that they may produce infertility. The available operative forms of treatment are unsuccessful in about 10% of patinents. In these cases it is desirable to elucidate the very variable drainage pattern by means of transfemoral phlebography with the patient erect. The method was employed in 13 patients and demonstrated continuity of the testicular vein, or of one of its tributaries, in twelve. If the testicular vein appears to be absent, one must consider the possibility of a venous short circuit or drainage of the pampiniform plexus into the external iliac vein. In four patients out of the 13, scrotal phlebography in addition for complete definition was necessary.
精索静脉曲张的临床意义取决于其发生率以及它们可能导致不育这一事实。现有的手术治疗方式在约10%的患者中效果不佳。在这些病例中，通过让患者直立进行经股静脉造影来阐明非常多变的引流模式是可取的。该方法应用于13例患者，其中12例显示睾丸静脉或其分支之一的连续性。如果睾丸静脉似乎缺失，必须考虑存在静脉短路或蔓状静脉丛流入髂外静脉的可能性。在这13例患者中的4例中，还需要进行阴囊静脉造影以全面明确情况。
