Davidson T L, Jarrard Leonard E
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004 May;28(3):261-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.02.001.
Gray's approach to understanding hippocampal functioning [The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Function of the Septo-hippocampal System, 1982; The Neuropsychology of Anxiety, 2000] departs from the prevailing view of that structure as a substrate for memory. Instead, Gray and McNaughton have proposed that hippocampus is involved with a function that is more fundamental than memory, namely the resolution of conflict between competing approach and avoidance tendencies. The present paper attempts to advance this perspective by describing how the effects of selective lesions of the hippocampus on performance in both relatively simple Pavlovian conditioning tasks and in more complex radial maze problems could be a consequence of an impairment in a simple form of inhibitory learning. Specifically, we consider the idea that the hippocampus is needed to form simple inhibitory associations between events that are concurrently embedded in simple excitatory associations [Behav Brain Res 119 (2001) 111]. This idea is compared with the conflict resolution hypothesis offered by Gray and McNaughton and avenues of integration are noted. In addition, the potential role for inhibitory learning in hippocampal-dependent spatial and contextual information processing is also discussed.
格雷对海马体功能的理解方式[《焦虑的神经心理学：对隔区 - 海马体系统功能的探究》，1982年；《焦虑的神经心理学》，2000年]与将该结构视为记忆基础的主流观点不同。相反，格雷和麦克诺顿提出，海马体参与的功能比记忆更基础，即解决相互竞争的趋近和回避倾向之间的冲突。本文试图通过描述海马体选择性损伤对相对简单的巴甫洛夫条件反射任务和更复杂的放射状迷宫问题中表现的影响，如何可能是一种简单形式的抑制性学习受损的结果，来推进这一观点。具体而言，我们考虑这样一种观点，即海马体是在同时嵌入简单兴奋性关联的事件之间形成简单抑制性关联所必需的[《行为脑研究》119 (2001) 111]。将这一观点与格雷和麦克诺顿提出的冲突解决假说进行比较，并指出整合的途径。此外，还讨论了抑制性学习在依赖海马体的空间和情境信息处理中的潜在作用。
