Bates Tamara, Anić Ante, Marusić Matko, Marusić Ana
Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
JAMA. 2004 Jul 7;292(1):86-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.1.86.
A number of general medical journals and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) request authors to disclose their contributions. Little is known about the effect of journal policies on authors' disclosure of their contributions.
To determine the number of named authors who do not meet ICMJE criteria for authorship, according to their published contributions, in 3 medical journals with different contribution disclosure practices.
Observational study of authors' contributions in research articles published in 2002 in Annals of Internal Medicine (n = 72), BMJ (n = 107), and JAMA (n = 81). BMJ asks authors to describe research contributions in their own words; Annals asks authors to choose from a list of coded contributions; and JAMA uses a structured checklist with instructions on contributions that qualify for ICMJE authorship criteria. Honorary authorship was defined as the lack of contribution from the first ICMJE criterion (study conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data) and/or second (drafting the article or critical revision for important intellectual content) ICMJE criterion.
According to authors' published contributions, the number of honorary authors was highest in Annals (121/562 authors, 21.5%), followed by BMJ (46/482, 9.5%), and JAMA (3/641, 0.5%) (chi2(2) = 146.67, P<.001). The number of articles with honorary authors was 60% in Annals, 21% in BMJ, and 4% in JAMA. Honorary authors had fewer published contributions than authors who met ICMJE criteria and were positioned more toward the end of the byline. Honorary authors either lacked contributions for both ICMJE criteria (10% in Annals and 22% in BMJ) or contributions to the second ICMJE criterion (75% in Annals, 67% in BMJ, and 2 out of 3 in JAMA).
General medical journals differed in prevalence of honorary authors according to published research contributions of named authors. Different authorship/contributorship policies and procedures should be explored as a possible explanation for the differences in contributions disclosed by authors among these journals.
一些综合医学期刊以及国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）要求作者披露其贡献。关于期刊政策对作者披露其贡献的影响，人们了解甚少。
根据已发表的贡献，确定在3种采用不同贡献披露方式的医学期刊中，不符合ICMJE作者资格标准的署名作者数量。
对2002年发表在《内科学年鉴》（n = 72）、《英国医学杂志》（BMJ，n = 107）和《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA，n = 81）上的研究文章中作者的贡献进行观察性研究。《英国医学杂志》要求作者用自己的语言描述研究贡献；《内科学年鉴》要求作者从一系列编码贡献中进行选择；《美国医学会杂志》使用一份结构化清单，并附有符合ICMJE作者资格标准的贡献说明。荣誉作者身份被定义为不符合ICMJE的第一条标准（研究的构思和设计，或数据的获取，或数据的分析和解释）和/或第二条标准（文章的起草或对重要知识内容的严格修订）。
根据作者已发表的贡献，《内科学年鉴》中的荣誉作者数量最多（121/562名作者，21.5%），其次是《英国医学杂志》（46/482，9.5%），《美国医学会杂志》（3/641，0.5%）（χ2(2)=146.67，P<0.001）。有荣誉作者的文章数量在《内科学年鉴》中为60%，在《英国医学杂志》中为21%，在《美国医学会杂志》中为4%。荣誉作者发表的贡献比符合ICMJE标准的作者少，并且在署名中位置更靠后。荣誉作者要么不符合ICMJE的两条标准（《内科学年鉴》中为10%，《英国医学杂志》中为22%），要么不符合ICMJE的第二条标准（《内科学年鉴》中为75%，《英国医学杂志》中为67%，《美国医学会杂志》中3例中有2例）。
根据署名作者已发表的研究贡献，综合医学期刊中荣誉作者的比例有所不同。应探讨不同的作者身份/贡献政策和程序，以解释这些期刊中作者披露的贡献存在差异的原因。
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