高影响力生物医学期刊中的荣誉作者和幽灵作者：一项横断面调查。

Honorary and ghost authorship in high impact biomedical journals: a cross sectional survey.

机构信息

American Medical Association, 515 N State Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA.

出版信息

BMJ. 2011 Oct 25;343:d6128. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6128.

DOI:10.1136/bmj.d6128

PMID:22028479

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3202014/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of honorary and ghost authors in six leading general medical journals in 2008 and compare this with the prevalence reported by authors of articles published in 1996. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey using a web based questionnaire. SETTING: International survey of journal authors. PARTICIPANTS: Sample of corresponding authors of 896 research articles, review articles, and editorial/opinion articles published in six general medical journals with high impact factors in 2008: Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, Lancet, Nature Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, and PLoS Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported compliance with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for all authors on the selected articles. RESULTS: A total of 630/896 (70.3%) corresponding authors responded to the survey. The prevalence of articles with honorary authorship or ghost authorship, or both, was 21.0% (95% CI 18.0% to 24.3%), a decrease from 29.2% reported in 1996 (P = 0.004). Based on 545 responses on honorary authorship, 96 articles (17.6% (95% CI 14.6% to 21.0%)) had honorary authors (range by journal 12.2% to 29.3%), a non-significant change from 1996 (19.3%; P = 0.439). Based on 622 responses on ghost authorship, 49 articles (7.9% (6.0% to 10.3%)) had ghost authors (range by journal 2.1% to 11.0%), a significant decline from 1996 (11.5%; P = 0.023). The prevalence of honorary authorship was 25.0% in original research reports, 15.0% in reviews, and 11.2% in editorials, whereas the prevalence of ghost authorship was 11.9% in research articles, 6.0% in reviews, and 5.3% in editorials. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of honorary and ghost authorship in 21% of articles published in major medical journals in 2008 suggests that increased efforts by scientific journals, individual authors, and academic institutions are essential to promote responsibility, accountability, and transparency in authorship, and to maintain integrity in scientific publication.

摘要

目的：评估 2008 年六本主要普通医学期刊中荣誉作者和 ghost 作者的流行情况，并将其与 1996 年发表的文章作者报告的流行情况进行比较。

设计：使用基于网络的问卷调查进行的横断面调查。

地点：国际期刊作者调查。

参与者：2008 年六本高影响因子普通医学期刊中 896 篇研究文章、综述文章和社论/观点文章的通讯作者样本：《内科学年鉴》、《美国医学会杂志》、《柳叶刀》、《自然医学》、《新英格兰医学杂志》和《公共科学图书馆医学》。

主要观察指标：入选文章所有作者对国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）作者标准的自我报告遵守情况。

结果：共有 896 篇论文的 630 位（70.3%）通讯作者对调查做出了回应。有荣誉作者或 ghost 作者（或两者兼有）的文章比例为 21.0%（95%CI 18.0%至 24.3%），低于 1996 年报告的 29.2%（P=0.004）。根据 545 份关于荣誉作者的答复，96 篇文章（17.6%（95%CI 14.6%至 21.0%））有荣誉作者（期刊范围 12.2%至 29.3%），与 1996 年相比无显著变化（19.3%；P=0.439）。根据 622 份关于 ghost 作者的答复，49 篇文章（7.9%（6.0%至 10.3%））有 ghost 作者（期刊范围 2.1%至 11.0%），显著低于 1996 年（11.5%；P=0.023）。荣誉作者的比例在原始研究报告中为 25.0%，在综述中为 15.0%，在社论中为 11.2%，而 ghost 作者的比例在研究文章中为 11.9%，在综述中为 6.0%，在社论中为 5.3%。

结论：2008 年主要医学期刊上发表的文章中有 21%存在荣誉作者和 ghost 作者的证据表明，科学期刊、个人作者和学术机构需要加大努力，促进作者的责任、问责制和透明度，并维护科学出版物的完整性。