Patterson-Buckendahl Patricia, Blakley Gregory, Kubovcakova Lucia, Krizanova Olga, Pohorecky Larissa A, Kvetnansky Richard
Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1018:173-82. doi: 10.1196/annals.1296.020.
Most alcohol researchers do not address the effects of intoxication on the sympatho-adrenomedullary system response to stressful situations. We previously determined that rats consuming nearly 9 g ethanol (EtOH) per kg body weight per day in liquid diet form for 1 week increased adrenal gene expression of enzymes for catecholamine synthesis that was further elevated by acute IMMO. We hypothesized that the response to chronic mild stressors would also be altered after consumption of lower concentrations of EtOH in drinking water. Two experiments were conducted: 10% w/v for 4 weeks or 6% w/v for 7 weeks +/- wire mesh restraint (WMR). These were compared with ad libitum (adlib) and pair-fed control rats. Adrenal gene expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes was assayed. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression was elevated 80% to 90% by alcohol consumption in both experiments (P < 0.001) compared with adlib control rats. Dopamine betab-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase gene expressions were unaffected by 10% alcohol (P > 0.05) but were increased by 6% alcohol (P < 0.01). WMR decreased already elevated gene expression of all three enzymes. Pair feeding to 6% EtOH drinkers also increased gene expression for the three enzymes but was decreased by WMR, although not to levels of adlib rats. Increased gene expression for adrenal synthesis of catecholamines in response to repeated alcohol consumption increases the likelihood that the subject can respond physiologically to acute or chronic stress. This may have life-saving consequences in humans and in animals known to consume fermented materials and may contribute to increased aggressive behavior.
大多数酒精研究人员并未探讨醉酒状态对交感 - 肾上腺髓质系统应对压力情况的影响。我们之前确定，以液体饮食形式每天每千克体重摄入近9克乙醇（EtOH），持续1周的大鼠，其肾上腺中儿茶酚胺合成酶的基因表达增加，急性免疫刺激可使其进一步升高。我们假设，饮用较低浓度EtOH后，对慢性轻度应激源的反应也会改变。进行了两项实验：饮用10% w/v的乙醇4周或6% w/v的乙醇7周，并施加/不施加铁丝网束缚（WMR）。将这些大鼠与自由摄食（adlib）和配对喂食的对照大鼠进行比较。检测了肾上腺中儿茶酚胺合成酶的基因表达。与自由摄食的对照大鼠相比，在两项实验中，饮酒均使酪氨酸羟化酶基因表达升高80%至90%（P < 0.001）。多巴胺β-羟化酶和苯乙醇胺 - N - 甲基转移酶的基因表达不受10%酒精的影响（P > 0.05），但受6%酒精的影响而增加（P < 0.01）。WMR降低了所有三种酶已经升高的基因表达。对饮用6% EtOH的大鼠进行配对喂食也增加了这三种酶的基因表达，但WMR使其降低，尽管未降至自由摄食大鼠的水平。反复饮酒后肾上腺儿茶酚胺合成基因表达增加，这增加了受试者对急性或慢性应激产生生理反应的可能性。这在已知会食用发酵物质的人类和动物中可能具有救命作用，并且可能导致攻击性行为增加。
