Patterson-Buckendahl P, Pohorecky L A, Kvetnansky R
Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 05584, USA.
Stress. 2007 Jun;10(2):163-72. doi: 10.1080/10253890701317601.
Stressor activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can have profound effects on bone and also appetite and metabolism. We tested in rats the response of plasma osteocalcin (pOC, a bone biomarker that is acutely stress responsive), corticosterone, and leptin to (1) ethanol consumption (5% w/v) in a liquid diet (compared with ad libitum and pair-fed rats), (2) acute restraint, and (3) acute (once, 1 h) and (4) chronic (1 h/day for 7 weeks) social aggression. Basal pOC concentration did not differ with ethanol diet or social interaction, but was elevated by both foot restraint immobilization (Imo) and restraint in wire mesh cylinders (WMR). As previously reported for chronic Imo, ingestion of ethanol blunted the pOC response to Imo. Plasma corticosterone concentration was increased by acute WMR and acute social interaction but was unaltered by chronic social interaction. Plasma leptin concentration was markedly increased by Imo in ad libitum fed, but only slightly in ethanol or pair-fed rats. In contrast, the data reflect significant differences between acute and chronic stressor effects since chronic social stress had little effect on pOC or plasma corticosterone, but tended to decrease leptin level in relation to dominance. Lack of significant impact of prolonged ethanol intake or social aggression suggests physiological adaptation.
交感神经系统和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴的应激激活可对骨骼、食欲和新陈代谢产生深远影响。我们在大鼠中测试了血浆骨钙素（pOC，一种对应激急性反应的骨生物标志物）、皮质酮和瘦素对以下情况的反应：（1）液体饮食中乙醇消耗（5% w/v）（与自由进食和配对喂养的大鼠相比），（2）急性束缚，以及（3）急性（一次，1小时）和（4）慢性（每天1小时，共7周）社会攻击。基础pOC浓度在乙醇饮食或社会互动方面无差异，但在足部束缚固定（Imo）和金属丝网圆筒束缚（WMR）时均升高。如先前关于慢性Imo的报道，摄入乙醇会减弱pOC对Imo的反应。急性WMR和急性社会互动会使血浆皮质酮浓度升高，但慢性社会互动对其无影响。自由进食大鼠中，Imo会使血浆瘦素浓度显著升高，但在乙醇喂养或配对喂养的大鼠中仅略有升高。相比之下，数据反映出急性和慢性应激源效应之间的显著差异，因为慢性社会应激对pOC或血浆皮质酮影响很小，但与优势地位相关的瘦素水平往往会降低。长期乙醇摄入或社会攻击缺乏显著影响表明存在生理适应。
