Munday Rex, Towers Neale R, Mackenzie Lincoln, Beuzenberg Veronica, Holland Patrick T, Miles Christopher O
AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Toxicon. 2004 Aug;44(2):173-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.017.
The acute toxicity of the phycotoxin gymnodimine to female Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection and by oral administration has been determined. Gymnodimine was highly toxic by injection, the LD50 being only 96 microg/kg. Animals either died within 10 min of injection or made a full recovery with no perceptible long-term effects. Gymnodimine was also toxic after oral administration by gavage (LD50 755 microg/kg), but was much less toxic when administered with food. No signs of toxicity were seen in mice voluntarily ingesting food containing gymnodimine at a level sufficient to give a dose of approximately 7500 microg/kg. Pre-treatment with physostigmine or neostigmine protected against injected gymnodimine, suggesting that the latter exerts its toxic effects via blockade of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction. The low toxicity of gymnodimine when ingested with food suggests that this compound is of low risk to humans, a conclusion that is consonant with anecdotal evidence for the absence of harmful effects in individuals consuming shellfish contaminated with gymnodimine.
已测定了藻毒素裸甲藻毒素对雌性瑞士小鼠腹腔注射和口服给药的急性毒性。裸甲藻毒素注射给药时毒性很高，半数致死量（LD50）仅为96微克/千克。动物要么在注射后10分钟内死亡，要么完全恢复且无明显长期影响。裸甲藻毒素经口灌胃给药时也有毒性（LD50为755微克/千克），但与食物一起给药时毒性要小得多。在自愿摄入含有足以提供约7500微克/千克剂量裸甲藻毒素食物的小鼠中未观察到毒性迹象。用毒扁豆碱或新斯的明预处理可预防注射裸甲藻毒素的毒性，这表明后者通过阻断神经肌肉接头处的烟碱受体发挥其毒性作用。裸甲藻毒素与食物一起摄入时毒性较低，这表明该化合物对人类风险较低，这一结论与食用受裸甲藻毒素污染贝类的个体未出现有害影响的传闻证据一致。
