Trimble Robert M, El-Sayed Ashraf M, Pree David J
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 6000, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada.
Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Jul;60(7):660-8. doi: 10.1002/ps.841.
The effects of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on pheromone production, calling, female attractiveness and the ability of males to locate sources of natural and synthetic pheromone were compared in azinphos-methyl-susceptible (susceptible) and azinphos-methyl-resistant (resistant) obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The amount of pheromone in susceptible females was reduced by 29-33% after exposure to azinphos-methyl; this treatment did not affect the pheromone content of resistant females. Azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females contained 39-43% less pheromone than azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females. Resistant females that were not treated with azinphos-methyl contained 35-56% less pheromone than susceptible females that were not treated with insecticide. The incidence of calling was reduced by 67-100% in azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females; the incidence of calling by resistant females was not affected by exposure to azinphos-methyl. The incidence of calling by azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females was 58-100% lower than that of azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females. There was no difference in the incidence of calling between susceptible and resistant females that had not been treated with insecticide. In a flight tunnel, treatment with insecticide reduced the attractiveness of susceptible females by 38%; treatment with insecticide did not affect the attractiveness of resistant females. There was no difference in the proportion of males attracted to susceptible and resistant females that had, or had not been treated with insecticide. In an apple orchard, the attractiveness of susceptible and resistant females treated with azinphos-methyl was reduced by 84 and 12%, respectively. The proportion of males attracted to azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible females was 58% lower than the proportion attracted to azinphos-methyl-treated resistant females, whereas, if females were not treated with insecticide, the proportion attracted to resistant females was 57% lower than the proportion attracted to susceptible females. In a flight tunnel, azinphos-methyl did not affect the ability of susceptible or resistant males to locate a source of pheromone gland extract. Likewise, in an apple orchard, the insecticide treatment had no effect on the ability of susceptible or resistant males to locate a source of synthetic pheromone. In a flight tunnel, there was no difference in the proportion of azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible and resistant males locating a source of pheromone gland extract; however, in the orchard, 39% fewer azinphos-methyl-treated resistant males located a source of synthetic pheromone than azinphos-methyl-treated susceptible males. A similar proportion of susceptible and resistant males that had not been treated with insecticide located a source of pheromone gland extract in the flight tunnel, but in the orchard, the proportion of resistant males not treated with azinphos-methyl that located the source of synthetic pheromone was 32% lower than the proportion of susceptible males not treated with this insecticide. The implications of the differences in the effect of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on the pheromone communication system of susceptible and resistant moths are discussed in relation to the theory of the development of insecticide resistance, the detection of resistance in feral populations of moths using sex pheromone-baited traps, and the control of moths using sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption.
在对甲基谷硫磷敏感（敏感型）和对甲基谷硫磷具有抗性（抗性型）的蔷薇斜带卷蛾（Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)）中，比较了甲基谷硫磷亚致死残留对性信息素产生、求偶鸣叫、雌蛾吸引力以及雄蛾定位天然和合成性信息素来源能力的影响。暴露于甲基谷硫磷后，敏感型雌蛾的性信息素含量降低了29 - 33%；该处理对抗性型雌蛾的性信息素含量没有影响。经甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雌蛾所含性信息素比经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型雌蛾少39 - 43%。未用甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雌蛾所含性信息素比未用杀虫剂处理的敏感型雌蛾少35 - 56%。经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型雌蛾求偶鸣叫发生率降低了67 - 100%；抗性型雌蛾的求偶鸣叫发生率不受甲基谷硫磷暴露的影响。经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型雌蛾的求偶鸣叫发生率比经甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雌蛾低58 - 100%。未用杀虫剂处理的敏感型和抗性型雌蛾在求偶鸣叫发生率上没有差异。在飞行隧道中，用杀虫剂处理使敏感型雌蛾的吸引力降低了38%；用杀虫剂处理对抗性型雌蛾的吸引力没有影响。在吸引到已处理或未处理杀虫剂的敏感型和抗性型雌蛾的雄蛾比例上没有差异。在苹果园中，经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型和抗性型雌蛾的吸引力分别降低了84%和12%。被甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型雌蛾吸引的雄蛾比例比被甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雌蛾吸引的雄蛾比例低58%，而如果雌蛾未用杀虫剂处理，被抗性型雌蛾吸引的雄蛾比例比被敏感型雌蛾吸引的雄蛾比例低57%。在飞行隧道中，甲基谷硫磷不影响敏感型或抗性型雄蛾定位性信息素腺体提取物来源的能力。同样，在苹果园中，杀虫剂处理对敏感型或抗性型雄蛾定位合成性信息素来源的能力没有影响。在飞行隧道中，经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型和抗性型雄蛾定位性信息素腺体提取物来源的比例没有差异；然而，在果园中，经甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雄蛾定位合成性信息素来源的比例比经甲基谷硫磷处理的敏感型雄蛾少39%。在飞行隧道中，未用杀虫剂处理的敏感型和抗性型雄蛾定位性信息素腺体提取物来源的比例相似，但在果园中，未用甲基谷硫磷处理的抗性型雄蛾定位合成性信息素来源的比例比未用该杀虫剂处理的敏感型雄蛾低32%。结合杀虫剂抗性发展理论、使用性信息素诱捕器检测蛾类野生种群中的抗性以及利用性信息素介导的交配干扰控制蛾类等方面，讨论了甲基谷硫磷亚致死残留对敏感型和抗性型蛾类性信息素通讯系统影响差异的意义。
