Ford Earl S, Mannino David M, Redd Stephen C, Moriarty David G, Mokdad Ali H
Division of Adult Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
J Asthma. 2004;41(3):327-36. doi: 10.1081/jas-120026090.
Asthma is a major contributor to impaired quality of life in the U.S. population. Little is known about population-based determinants of quality of life among people with asthma, however. Using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined the associations between selected sociodemographic, behavioral, and other determinants and quality of life among 12,111 participants with current asthma. In multiple logistical regression models, three variables--employment status, smoking status, and physical activity--were significantly associated with all measures of impaired quality of life (poor or fair health, > or = 14 physically unhealthy days, > 14 mentally unhealthy days, > or = 14 activity limitation days, or > or = 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days). Education was significantly and inversely related to impaired quality of life for all measures except activity limitation days. Men were less likely than women to report having > or = 14 physically unhealthy days, > or = 14 mentally unhealthy days, or > or = 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. Compared with whites, Hispanics were more likely to report being in poor or fair health, and African Americans were less likely to report having > or = 14 physically unhealthy days or > or = 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. In addition, participants with lower incomes were more likely to report impaired quality of life for three measures (general health status, > or = 14 physically unhealthy days, and activity limitation days). The heaviest participants were more likely to be in poor or fair health or to report having more > or = 14 physically unhealthy days, or > or = 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. Insurance coverage and the time since their last routine checkup were not significantly associated with any of the quality-of-life measures. These results show that three potentially modifiable factors (smoking status, physical activity, body mass index) are associated with quality of life among persons with asthma. Furthermore, among people with asthma, the elderly, women, poorly educated, and low-income participants are especially likely to experience impaired quality of life.
哮喘是导致美国人群生活质量受损的一个主要因素。然而，关于哮喘患者基于人群的生活质量决定因素，人们却知之甚少。利用2000年行为危险因素监测系统的数据，我们研究了12111名当前患有哮喘的参与者中，选定的社会人口学、行为及其他决定因素与生活质量之间的关联。在多重逻辑回归模型中，就业状况、吸烟状况和身体活动这三个变量与生活质量受损的所有指标（健康状况差或一般、身体不健康天数≥14天、精神不健康天数>14天、活动受限天数≥14天，或身体或精神不健康天数≥14天）均显著相关。除活动受限天数外，教育程度与生活质量受损的所有指标均呈显著负相关。男性报告身体不健康天数≥14天、精神不健康天数≥14天或身体或精神不健康天数≥14天的可能性低于女性。与白人相比，西班牙裔更有可能报告健康状况差或一般，而非裔美国人报告身体不健康天数≥14天或身体或精神不健康天数≥14天的可能性较小。此外，收入较低的参与者在三项指标（总体健康状况、身体不健康天数≥14天和活动受限天数）上报告生活质量受损的可能性更大。体重最重的参与者更有可能健康状况差或一般，或报告身体不健康天数≥14天，或身体或精神不健康天数≥14天。保险覆盖范围和上次定期体检以来的时间与任何生活质量指标均无显著关联。这些结果表明，三个潜在可改变的因素（吸烟状况、身体活动、体重指数）与哮喘患者的生活质量相关。此外，在哮喘患者中，老年人、女性、受教育程度低和低收入的参与者尤其可能经历生活质量受损。
